Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2024
Sammendrag
Skogpolitikk er formelt medlemslandenes kompetanse, og er ikke nevnt i EUs traktater som et område for felles politikk. Skogsektoren er likevel over tid omfattet av tiltak og virkemidler i andre sektorer der EU har felles politikk, bl.a. i EUs landbrukspolitikk, miljøpolitikk og klimapolitikk. Skogens rolle er særlig tydelig i EUs grønne giv (European Green Deal, EGD). EUs grønne giv er et veikart for en samfunnsomstilling som skal ende i et klimanøytralt EU i 2050. EØS-avtalen regulerer samarbeidet mellom Norge og EU og har vært bestemmende for utviklingen i Norge på de fleste samfunnsområder. Norge har også inngått et bilateralt klimasamarbeid med EU om gjennomføringen av målene i Paris-avtalen. Denne bilaterale avtalen mellom Norge og EU innebærer at Norge gjennomfører EUs regelverk for klima også for ikke- kvotepliktig sektor og skog- og arealbruk (LULUCF). Denne rapporten beskriver videre bakgrunn og status for andre sentrale strategier og regelverk av betydning for norsk skogpolitikk og skogforvaltning som følger av EUs grønne giv. Det er i første rekke strategier og regelverk for fornybar energi, miljø og klima som er omtalt her. EUs grønne giv representerer en betydelig samlet påvirkning av skogpolitikken. En utfordring er at endringen skjer horisontalt gjennom utvikling av regelverk i flere sektorer samtidig. Effektene av endringer i regelverk og politiske prioriteringer i EU er foreløpig bare delvis mulig å kvantifisere, men det er gjort noen vurderinger av konsekvenser i rapporten. Når detaljene i rettsaktene, planene for gjennomføring, og Norges forpliktelser for de ulike regelverkene er nærmere en avklaring vil virkningene avtegne seg klarere. Retningen på endringene i EU er imidlertid tydelig: mer vekt på å bevare miljøverdier og økte bidrag fra skogen i arbeidet med å redusere klimagassutslipp.
Forfattere
Gunnhild SøgaardSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Fay Madeleine Farstad Merethe Dotterud Leiren Marie Byskov Lindberg Erlend Andre T. Hermansen Jørgen Wettestad Gunnhild Søgaard Knut ØistadSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Gunnhild SøgaardSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Sammendrag
River Otter (Lontra canadensis) was extirpated from Prince Edward Island (PEI) in the early 1900s as a result of habitat loss and overexploitation. Although there were isolated and sporadic occurrences in PEI coastal and inland waters pre-1975, only anecdotal reports of tracks or sightings of the species had been documented in the 21st century, until an adult male otter was captured in a beaver trap in 2016. Since then, seven additional individuals have been collected opportunistically or as by-catch of beaver trapping, including an adult female and a kit (juvenile). Camera traps have also revealed what appears to be a family group in central PEI. A growing body of evidence strongly suggests a resident River Otter population on PEI. The island is separated from the mainland by the Northumberland Strait, which has a minimum width of 13 km of salt water. River Otters have naturally recolonized PEI by dispersing across the Northumberland Strait.
Sammendrag
Gaining the ability to fly actively was a ground-breaking moment in insect evolution, providing an unprecedented advantage over other arthropods. Nevertheless, active flight was a costly innovation, requiring the development of wings and flight muscles, the provision of sufficient energetic resources, and a complex flight control system. Although wings, flight muscles, and the energetic budget of insects have been intensively studied in the last decades, almost nothing is known regarding the flight-control devices of many crucial insect groups, especially beetles (Coleoptera). Here, we conducted a phylogenetic-informed analysis of flight-related mechanosensors in 28 species of bark beetles (Curculionidae: Scolytinae, Platypodinae), an economically and ecologically important group of insects characterized by striking differences in dispersal abilities. The results indicated that beetle flight apparatus is equipped with different functional types of mechanosensors, including strain- and flow-encoding sensilla. We found a strong effect of allometry on the number of mechanosensors, while no effect of relative wing size (a proxy of flight investment) was identified. Our study constitutes the first step to understanding the drivers and constraints of the evolution of flight-control devices in Coleoptera, including bark beetles. More research, including a quantitative neuroanatomical analysis of beetle wings, should be conducted in the future.>
Forfattere
Emmanuel O. Anedo Dennis Beesigamukama Benson Mochoge Nicholas K. Korir Solveig Haukeland Xavier Cheseto Sevgan Subramanian Segenet Kelemu Chrysantus M. TangaSammendrag
Potato production faces major challenges from inadequate soil fertility, and nematode infestation, yet synthetic fertilizers and nematicides are costly and harmful to the environment. This study explored the potential of chitin-fortified black soldier fly-composted organic fertilizer (BSFCOF) as a multipurpose organic fertilizer amendment for enhancing potato yield and suppressing potato cyst nematodes (PCN). The BSFCOF was applied at a rate equivalent to 150 kg N ha-1 and fortified with chitin from black soldier fly pupal exuviae at inclusion rates equivalent to 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5% chitin. Data were collected on potato growth characteristics, PCN population densities, and soil chemical properties for two growing cycles. Results showed that chitin fortified BSFCOF significantly improved potato growth parameters, chlorophyll concentration, marketable tuber yield and number of marketable tubers. The marketable tuber yield achieved using chitin-fortified BSFCOF was 70 – 362%, and 69 – 238% higher than the values achieved using unfertilized soil during the first and second growing cycles, respectively. Soil amendment with chitin-fortified BSFCOF significantly reduced the number of cysts per 200 g soil-1, number of eggs and J2 per cyst-1, eggs g-1 soil and reproduction rate by 32 – 87%, 9 – 92%, 31– 98% and 31 – 98%, respectively. The PCN suppression increased with chitin inclusion rates. There were significantly higher values for soil pH, ammonium nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, available phosphorus, calcium, magnesium, potassium, and cation exchange capacity in soil amended with BSFCOF compared to unamended soil. This study demonstrates that BSFCOF fortified with 5% chitin is an effective soil enhancer with multiple benefits, including improved soil fertility, potato performance, and effective management of potato cyst nematodes.
Forfattere
Maria Medina Marino P. Reyes‑Martín Laura Levy Alba Lázaro‑González Enrique Andivia Peter Annighöfer Farhah Assaad Jürgen Bauhus Raquel Benavides Henrik Böhlenius Vito E. Cambria María D. Carbonero Jorge Castro Akaki Chalatashvili Donato Chiatante Claudia Cocozza Sofa Corticeiro Dagnija Lazdina Giovanbattista De Dato Michele De Sanctis Jovana Devetaković Lars Drossler Lenka Ehrenbergerová Peter Ferus Lorena Gómez‑Aparicio Arndt Hampe Kjersti Holt Hanssen Berthold Heinze Marcin Jakubowski María N. Jiménez Branko Kanjevac Jan J. Keizer Ivona Kerkez‑Janković Marcin Klisz Wojciech Kowalkowski Klaus Kremer Johan Kroon Dario La Montagna Jelena Lazarević Emanuele Lingua Manuel E. Lucas‑Borja Adrian Łukowski Magnus Löf Paula Maia Paola Mairota Alberto Maltoni Barbara Mariotti Antonin Martinik Rafaella Marzano Luis MatiasSammendrag
Key message We provide data on seedlot germination potential—a key trait related to regeneration—of 12 oak spe‑ cies. Germination was tested at the University of Granada following international protocols with 8985 acorns from 93 batches and 16 countries across Europe. Data on germination probability, acorn origin, mass, and moisture content measured on another 4544 acorns are available at https://doi.org/10.30827/Digibug.87318. Associated metadata are available at https://metadata-afs.nancy.inra.fr/geonetwork/srv/fre/catalog.search#/metadata/a742c6d8-bc37-4ca2- 8b81-2447c5a8858d. Keywords Acorn, Germination test, Seedlot germination potential, Seed mass, Seed moisture, Seed viability
Sammendrag
Smallholder farmers are reverting to traditional production methods due to the high opportunity costs and unintended consequences of new technologies. This study focuses on row planting technology, which is labor-intensive and slow without mechanized operations. Data from 224 nonadopters and 237 adopters of row planting were analyzed using ordinary least squares and instrumental variable techniques. The results show varying effects of row planting on yield and income across different agroecological zones, with labor use being endogenously determined. Comparing labor requirements, we found that row planting demands an additional 14.79 man-hours per acre over broadcasting seeds. The current dissemination approach of sustainable intensification technologies such as row planting prioritizes yield-enhancing technologies over mechanization, hindering adoption. We propose integrating small-scale mechanization, such as small-scale planters and harvesters, to reduce labor hours and promote sustainable intensification technology adoption.