Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2024
Sammendrag
Pærebrann er en plantesykdom forårsaket av bakterien Erwinia amylovora som er regulert i plantehelseforskriften og pærebrannforskriften. Formålet med regelverket og forvaltningen av denne planteskadegjøreren er å forebygge, begrense og bekjempe videre spredning. Pærebrannprosjektet er et samarbeidsprosjekt mellom Mattilsynet og NIBIO. Mattilsynets praktiske arbeid med planteskadegjøreren koordineres via Region Sør og Vest og finansieres over Mattilsynets budsjett. NIBIO mottar bevilgninger fra Landbruks- og matdepartementet for kunnskapsstøtte til Mattilsynet knyttet til sjukdommen pærebrann. I 2023 har prosjektet prioritert rydding av lett mottakelige vertplanter for pærebrann rundt planteskoler som produserer mottakelige planter, som et ledd i å redusere risikoen for smitte inn i denne planteproduksjonen. Videre har vi prioritert kartlegging for å fremskaffe kunnskap om sykdommens utbredelse i Norge. Totalt er 67 kommuner kartlagt og det ble funnet pærebrannsmitte for første gang i 15 av disse. Pærebrann viser seg mer utbredt i spesielt Agder, enn det man tidligere har kjent til.
Forfattere
Katherine Ann Gredvig Nielsen Magne Nordang Skårn Venche Talgø Martin Pettersson Inger Sundheim Fløistad Gunn Strømeng May Bente Brurberg Arne StensvandSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Carl Gunnar Fossdal Paal Krokene Jorunn Elisabeth Olsen George Richard Strimbeck Marcos Viejo Igor A. Yakovlev Melissa MagerøySammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Ingrid Schafroth Sandbakken Hang Su Louise Johansen Yupeng Zhang Einar Ringø Randi Røsbak Igor A. Yakovlev Kathrine Kjos Five Rolf-Erik OlsenSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Sammendrag
Highlights • Methyl jasmonate has been used for more than 20 years to study conifer inducible defenses. • We summarized the key experimental methods used to study methyl jasmonate effects on conifers. • Meta-analysis showed that methyl jasmonate significantly reduces growth and pest/pathogen damage. • We identified important knowledge gaps that hinder the practical use of methyl jasmonate as a protective measure in forestry.
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Sammendrag
Climate change is already reducing carbon sequestration in Central European forests dramatically through extensive droughts and bark beetle outbreaks. Further warming may threaten the enormous carbon reservoirs in the boreal forests in northern Europe unless disturbance risks can be reduced by adaptive forest management. The European spruce bark beetle (Ips typographus) is a major natural disturbance agent in spruce-dominated forests and can overwhelm the defences of healthy trees through pheromone-coordinated mass-attacks. We used an extensive dataset of bark beetle trap counts to quantify how climatic and management-related factors influence bark beetle population sizes in boreal forests. Trap data were collected during a period without outbreaks and can thus identify mechanisms that drive populations towards outbreak thresholds. The most significant predictors of bark beetle population size were the volume of mature spruce, the extent of newly exposed clearcut edges, temperature and soil moisture. For clearcut edge, temperature and soil moisture, a 3-year time lag produced the best model fit. We demonstrate how a model incorporating the most significant predictors, with a time lag, can be a useful management tool by allowing spatial prediction of future beetle population sizes. Synthesis and Applications: Some of the population drivers identified here, i,e., spruce volume and clearcut edges, can be targeted by adaptive management measures to reduce the risk of future bark beetle outbreaks. Implementing such measures may help preserve future carbon sequestration of European boreal forests.
Sammendrag
Background The order Lepidoptera has an abundance of species, including both agriculturally beneficial and detrimental insects. Molecular data has been used to investigate the phylogenetic relationships of major subdivisions in Lepidoptera, which has enhanced our understanding of the evolutionary relationships at the family and superfamily levels. However, the phylogenetic placement of many superfamilies and/or families in this order is still unknown. In this study, we determine the systematic status of the family Argyresthiidae within Lepidoptera and explore its phylogenetic affinities and implications for the evolution of the order. We describe the first mitochondrial (mt) genome from a member of Argyresthiidae, the apple fruit moth Argyresthia conjugella. The insect is an important pest on apples in Fennoscandia, as it switches hosts when the main host fails to produce crops. Results The mt genome of A. conjugella contains 16,044 bp and encodes all 37 genes commonly found in insect mt genomes, including 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), two ribosomal RNAs, 22 transfer RNAs, and a large control region (1101 bp). The nucleotide composition was extremely AT-rich (82%). All detected PCGs (13) began with an ATN codon and terminated with a TAA stop codon, except the start codon in cox1 is ATT. All 22 tRNAs had cloverleaf secondary structures, except trnS1, where one of the dihydrouridine (DHU) arms is missing, reflecting potential differences in gene expression. When compared to the mt genomes of 507 other Lepidoptera representing 18 superfamilies and 42 families, phylogenomic analyses found that A. conjugella had the closest relationship with the Plutellidae family (Yponomeutoidea-super family). We also detected a sister relationship between Yponomeutoidea and the superfamily Tineidae. Conclusions Our results underline the potential importance of mt genomes in comparative genomic analyses of Lepidoptera species and provide valuable evolutionary insight across the tree of Lepidoptera species.
Forfattere
Sidhi Soman Agnethe Christiansen Roman Florinski Girija Bharat Eirik Hovland Steindal Luca Nizzetto Paromita ChakrabortySammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Theresa Weigl Jorunn Børve Emily Follett Ingunn Øvsthus Carl Gunnar Fossdal Hanne Larsen Siv Fagertun RembergSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag