Lars Olav Brandsæter
Seniorforsker
(+47) 901 09 435
lars.olav.brandsaeter@nibio.no
Sted
Ås - Bygg H7
Besøksadresse
Høgskoleveien 7, 1433 Ås
Forfattere
Heidi Udnes Aamot Adnan Šišić Lars Olav Brandsæter Silje Kvist Simonsen Birgitte Henriksen Jörg Peter BareselSammendrag
Over the past decades, significant efforts have been made to promote the cultivation of legumes. Cultivation of legumes, particularly grain legumes, can reduce the use of mineral nitrogen fertilizers, enhance biodiversity, reduce dependence on imported feed proteins, and improve soil biological properties and humus content. Despite these efforts, grain legumes are still not widely grown. One major obstacle to legume cultivation is "legume fatigue". Legume fatigue limits the expansion of legume cultivation in many European regions. The exact causes of legume fatigue are not fully understood, but soil-borne diseases interacting with abiotic factors are believed to play a key role. Recent findings suggest that the balance between pathogen load and soil suppressiveness is critical. Some farms and regions do not report legume fatigue as a problem, while others experience severe limitations in legume production. Identifying the causes of this variation is urgent and requires a collaborative effort that covers different environments and includes comprehensive assessments of both biotic and abiotic factors. In a recently launched project, LeFaSus, a network of farms and long-term experiments has been established to identify the primary factors contributing to legume fatigue. This network spans a transect from southern to northern Europe, including Italy, Germany, Luxembourg, and Norway. The project aims to deliver a reliable set of indicators for both legume fatigue and disease-suppressive soils, linking these indicators to the management practices that likely influenced them. The background and plans for the project will be presented.
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Sammendrag
Fast regrowth from deep roots and rhizomes makes it difficult to mechanically control the perennials Cirsium arvense and Tussilago farfara respectively. It is, however, not clear whether new shoots originate mainly from fragments of roots/rhizomes in upper soil layers or from an intact system below depth of soil cultivation. Here we present results from three experiments with natural infestations of C. arvense, and two with both C. arvense and T. farfara. Plots of 1 m2 were excavated to different depths (13–25 cm), all below-ground plant parts in the topsoil were collected and thereafter fragments were either returned to or removed from the plots. Regrowth from disturbed plots with removed or returned fragments was compared. The origin of regrown shoots, that is, whether they originated from seeds, intact below-ground root/rhizome systems or returned fragments, was examined. More C. arvense shoots originated from the intact root system (48%–84%) than from root fragments (16%–52%). The final aboveground biomass was not affected by removal of the top-soil fragments. For T. farfara, a small proportion (3%) of new shoots originated from the intact rhizome system, and the rest from fragments. We conclude that the intact root system of C. arvense contributes at least as much as root fragments to regrowth after soil cultivation, which might imply that time of treatment and depth of cultivation are crucial for the effect of mechanical control. For T. farfara, the results suggest that tillage equipment with high capacity to fragment the rhizome system will contribute to efficient control.
Divisjon for bioteknologi og plantehelse
LeFaSus - Uncovering Legume Soil Fatigue for Sustainable Expansion of European Grain Legume Cultivation
Målet med dette prosjektet er å identifisere de viktigste årsakene og indikatorene for belgveksttretthet i en rekke europeiske miljøer.
Divisjon for bioteknologi og plantehelse
LeFaSus - Uncovering Legume Soil Fatigue for Sustainable Expansion of European Grain Legume Cultivation
LeFaSus seeks to identify the most important causes and indicators of legume fatigue in several European countries.
Divisjon for bioteknologi og plantehelse
RessursRetur – Ny vanndampteknologi omdanner biologisk forurensede jordmasser og planteavfall til nye ressurser
Ved utbygging av veier, jernbane og eiendommer flyttes store mengder matjord. Dersom jorda inneholder ugras, plantesjukdommer eller skadedyr (nematoder) som er forbudt å spre, må jorda deponeres som avfall og går tapt som ressurs for produksjon av mat. Planteavfall fra produksjon og import av grønnsaker er en annen ressurs som ikke utnyttes i dag på grunn av risiko for spredning av planteskadegjørere.