Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2020
Forfattere
Hanno Sandvik Olga Hilmo Snorre Henriksen Reidar Elven Per Arvid Åsen Hanne Hegre Oddvar Pedersen Per Anker Pedersen Heidi Solstad Vigdis Vandvik Kristine Bakke Westergaard Frode Ødegaard Sandra Charlotte Helene Åström Hallvard Elven Anders Endrestøl Øivind Gammelmo Bjørn Arild Hatteland Halvor Solheim Björn Nordén Leif Sundheim Venche Talgø Tone Falkenhaug Bjørn Gulliksen Anders Jelmert Eivind Oug Jan Henry Sundet Elisabet Forsgren Anders Gravbrøt Finstad Trygve H. Hesthagen Kjell Harald Nedreaas Rupert Wienerroither Vivian Husa Stein Fredriksen Kjersti Sjøtun Henning Steen Haakon Hansen Inger Sofie Hamnes Egil Karlsbakk Christer Magnusson Bjørnar Ytrehus Hans Christian Pedersen Jon Swenson Per Ole Syvertsen Bård Gunnar Stokke Jan Ove Gjershaug Dag Dolmen Gaute Kjærstad Stein Ivar Johnsen Thomas Correll Jensen Kristian Hassel Lisbeth GederaasSammendrag
1. Due to globalisation, trade and transport, the spread of alien species is increasing dramatically. Some alien species become ecologically harmful by threatening native biota. This can lead to irreversible changes in local biodiversity and ecosystem functioning, and, ultimately, to biotic homogenisation. 2. We risk-assessed all alien plants, animals, fungi and algae, within certain delimitations, that are known to reproduce in Norway. Mainland Norway and the Arctic archipelago of Svalbard plus Jan Mayen were treated as separate assessment areas. Assessments followed the Generic Ecological Impact Assessment of Alien Species (GEIAA) protocol, which uses a fully quantitative set of criteria. 3. A total of 1519 species were risk-assessed, of which 1183 were species reproducing in mainland Norway. Among these, 9% were assessed to have a severe impact, 7% high impact, 7% potentially high impact, and 49% low impact, whereas 29% had no known impact. In Svalbard, 16 alien species were reproducing, one of which with a severe impact. 4. The impact assessments also covered 319 so-called door-knockers, i.e. species that are likely to establish in Norway within 50 years, and 12 regionally alien species. Of the door-knockers, 8% and 10% were assessed to have a severe and high impact, respectively. 5. The impact category of most species was driven by negative interactions with native species, transformation of threatened ecosystems, or genetic contamination. The proportion of alien species with high or severe impact varied significantly across the different pathways of introduction, taxonomic groups, time of introduction, and the environments colonised, but not across continents of origin. 6. Given the large number of alien species reproducing in Norway and the preponderance of species with low impact, it is neither realistic nor necessary to eradicate all of them. Our results can guide management authorities in two ways. First, the use of quantitative assessment criteria facilitates the prioritisation of management resources across species. Second, the background information collected for each species, such as introduction pathways, area of occupancy and ecosystems affected, helps designing appropriate management measures.
Forfattere
Hanno Sandvik Olga Hilmo Snorre Henriksen Reidar Elven Per Arvid Åsen Hanne Hegre Oddvar Pedersen Per Anker Pedersen Heidi Solstad Vigdis Vandvik Kristine Bakke Westergaard Frode Ødegaard Sandra Charlotte Helene Åström Hallvard Elven Anders Endrestøl Øivind Gammelmo Bjørn Arild Hatteland Halvor Solheim Björn Nordén Leif Sundheim Venche Talgø Tone Falkenhaug Bjørn Gulliksen Anders Jelmert Eivind Oug Jan Henry Sundet Elisabet Forsgren Anders Gravbrøt Finstad Trygve H. Hesthagen Kjell Harald Nedreaas Rupert Wienerroither Vivian Husa Stein Fredriksen Kjersti Sjøtun Henning Steen Haakon Hansen Inger Sofie Hamnes Egil Karlsbakk Christer Magnusson Bjørnar Ytrehus Hans Christian Pedersen Jon Swenson Per Ole Syvertsen Bård Gunnar Stokke Jan Ove Gjershaug Dag Dolmen Gaute Kjærstad Stein Ivar Johnsen Thomas Correll Jensen Kristian Hassel Lisbeth GederaasSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Sammendrag
Ornamental jewelweed (Impatiens glandulifera Royle) is an alien invasive plant in Europe. This annual plant often grows in riparian habitats where herbicides are prohibited. Several studies have reported the negative effect on ecosystem and ecosystem services by this species. However, limited research is published on control measures and the aim of our study was to explore use of hot water and cutting to control I. glandulifera. A lab experiment showed that the lethal water temperature for seed was between 45 and 50 C. In a pot experiment with seeds in soil, emergence of I. glandulifera was reduced by 78% and 93% compared with the untreated control with volumes of hot water (80 C) of 7.2 and 14.5 L m−2, respectively. When treatments were conducted on relatively tall plants (almost 60 cm) in late June, hot water gave significantly better control than cutting. Compared with an untreated control, I. glandulifera cover was reduced by 97% and 79% after hot water and cutting, respectively. Application of hot water to smaller (<40 cm) and less developed plants (BBCH 12–13) in early June and cutting of plants with visible flower buds (mid-July) led to no significant difference in cover. Compared with an untreated control, I. glandulifera cover was reduced by 99% (cut below first node) and 91% (hot water and cut above first node). When relatively tall plants (almost 60 cm) were treated, hot water use was high (31.1 L m−2) and required twice as many work hours (4.8 min m−2) as cutting (2.4 min m−2). When smaller plants (<40 cm) were targeted, work hours and hot water use were reduced to 2.1 min m−2 and 13.7 L m−2, respectively.
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Björn Ringselle Kirsten Tørresen Lars T. Havstad Trygve S. Aamlid Trond Gunnarstorp Harald Solberg John Ingar ØverlandSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Håvard Eikemo Anette Sundbye Belachew Asalf Tadesse Magnhild Sekse Erdal Andrea Ficke Gunnhild Jaastad Annette Folkedal Schjøll Arne Stensvand Venche Talgø Nina Trandem Inger Sundheim FløistadSammendrag
I denne rapporten presenteres resultater fra biologisk veiledningsprøving av soppmidler i bygg, hvete, setteløk, gulrot og solbær. Det er også presentert et forsøk med skadedyrmidler mot kålmøll i kinakål. I tillegg er det rapportert et forsøk mot bringebærbarkgallmygg og ferskenbladlus, et forsøk med kairomonfeller mot skadedyr i eple, og et forsøk med vekstregulering av juletrær.
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Sammendrag
The EU has developed a Directive on Sustainable Use of Chemical Pesticides (2009/128/EC) (SUD) that aims to enhance the use of non-chemical alternatives to pesticides like microbial plant protection products (PPP). The number of authorized microbial PPP for plant protection has increased globally during the last decade. There is, however, variation between different countries. Sweden and Denmark have for example each authorized 20 microbial PPP while Norway has only authorized four microbial PPP. Norway has also received significantly fewer applications for authorization of microbial PPP than the other Scandinavian countries. We explore possible explanations for the observed differences. Our results show that that the regulations in the three countries had similar requirements for the authorisation of microbial PPP. The size of the market is somewhat smaller in Norway than in Sweden and Denmark, and could therefore explain some of the differences. We suggest, however, that the most important explanation is implementation differences in terms of different decisions made in the authorization process. By comparing the authorization process for three microbial PPP in the Scandinavian countries, we found that Norway used more time for the product authorization decisions. Norway assess the same types of microbial PPP more restrictively with respect to environmental aspects and especially human health risks.
Forfattere
Arne Stensvand Vinh Hong Le Belachew Asalf Tadesse Andreas Myki Beachell Nina Trandem Nina JohansenSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag