Vinh Hong Le
Sjefingeniør
Forfattere
Britt Puidet Romain Mabon Michele Guibert Riinu Kiiker Kaire Loit Vinh Hong Le Håvard Eikemo Pauline Dewaegeneire Guillaume Saubeau Catherine Chatot Frédérique Aurousseau David E. L. Cooke Alison K. Lees Isaac K. Abuley Jens G. Hansen Roselyne Corbière Melen Leclerc Neda Najdabbasi Didier AndrivonSammendrag
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The effect of steam thermotherapy on Botrytis spp. populations in strawberry transplants was evaluated. Tray plants rooted in 0.2 L peat plugs of seasonal flowering cvs. Falco, Sonsation, and Soprano, and everbearing cvs. Favori and Murano were pre-treated with steam at 37 °C for 1 h, followed by 1 h at ambient temperature and air humidity, and then 2 or 4 h steam treatment at 44 °C. Except for one cultivar with a slight reduction in yield, there were no negative effects on plant performance. Compared to untreated transplants, mean incidence of Botrytis on the five cultivars was reduced by 43 and 86% with the 2 and 4 h treatments, respectively. Within cultivars the reduction was significant in 2 and 3 experiments following the 2 and 4 h treatments, respectively. Sclerotia from four different isolates of Botrytis were subjected to treatment including 4 h of steam thermotherapy and subsequently tested for viability. Following 14 days of incubation, 90 to 100% (mean 97%) of treated sclerotia failed to produce mycelial growth compared with untreated sclerotia, which all germinated and produced mycelia. Botrytis isolates recovered from both treated and untreated strawberry transplants were tested for resistance to seven fungicides, including boscalid, fenhexamid, fludioxonil, fluopyram, pyraclostrobin, pyrimethanil and thiophanate-methyl. Multiple fungicide resistance was common; 35.5% of isolates were resistant to fungicides from at least three FRAC groups. Results indicate that steam thermotherapy treatment strongly reduces populations of Botrytis spp., including fungicide-resistant strains, in strawberry transplants with negligible negative impacts on the transplants.
Forfattere
Arne Stensvand Katherine Ann Gredvig Nielsen May Bente Brurberg Vinh Hong Le Henrik Tellevik Stine Huseby Rune Vereide Lill-Iren Hansen Dag RøenSammendrag
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Britt Puidet Romain Mabon Michele Guibert Riinu Kiiker Liina Soonvald Vinh Hong Le Håvard Eikemo Pauline Dewaegeneire Guillaume Saubeau Catherine Chatot Frederique Aurousseau David E. L. Cooke Alison K. Lees Isaac K. Abuley Jens G. Hansen Roselyne Corbiere Melen Leclerc Didier AndrivonSammendrag
Until recently, genotypes of Phytophthora infestans were regionally distributed in Europe, with populations in western Europe being dominated by clonal lineages and those in northern Europe being genetically diverse because of frequent sexual reproduction. However, since 2013 a new clonal lineage (EU_41_A2) has successfully established itself and expanded in the sexually recombining P. infestans populations of northern Europe. The objective of this study was to study phenotypic traits of the new clonal lineage of P. infestans, which may explain its successful establishment and expansion within sexually recombining populations. Fungicide sensitivity, aggressiveness, and virulence profiles of isolates of EU_41_A2 were analyzed and compared with those of the local sexual populations from Denmark, Norway, and Estonia. None of the phenotypic data obtained from the isolates collected from Denmark, Estonia, and Norway independently explained the invasive success of EU_41_A2 within sexual Nordic populations. Therefore, we hypothesize that the expansion of this new genotype could result from a combination of fitness traits and more favorable environmental conditions that have emerged in response to climate change.
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In this study, we investigated if a steam treatment program used to produce disease-free strawberry transplants has the potential to also eliminate strawberry mite (Phytonemus pallidus) and two-spotted spider mite (Tetranychus urticae). Crowns of strawberry plants collected in a commercial field, containing young, folded leaves with all life stages of P. pallidus, and strawberry leaf discs on water agar with T. urticae with non-diapausing adult females and eggs from a laboratory rearing, were exposed to warm aerated steam in a steam cabinet in a series of four experimental runs over 2 years. The steam treatments constituted of a 1-h pre-treatment with 37 °C steam followed by a 1-h recovery period at 21–25 °C, and then a main steam treatment at 44 °C for either 2, 4 (both P. pallidus and T. urticae) or 6 h (the more heat tolerant T. urticae only). After steaming, the plant material with P. pallidus or T. urticae were incubated at 21–25 °C until survival was assessed after 1–6 days, depending on the mite species and life-stage. Non-steamed plant material with mites was used as controls. The 4-h treatment killed all P. pallidus eggs, larvae and adults, and the 2-h treatment killed all individuals in all three stages except for one egg in one of the runs. There were no or minor effects of the steam treatments on T. urticae adult and egg survival. Based on these results, the tested steam treatments may be used to eliminate the strawberry mite but not the two-spotted spider mite from strawberry planting material.
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Late blight caused by Phytophthora infestans is a serious, worldwide disease on potato (Solanum tuberosum). Phytophthora infestans normally reproduces in a clonal manner, but in some areas, as the Nordic Countries, sexual reproduction has become the major determinant of the population structure. To improve the late blight forecasting in Norway, the process-based Nærstad model was developed. The model includes the structure of the underlying processes in the disease development, including spore production, spore release, spore survival and infection of P. infestans. It needs hourly weather records of air temperature, precipitation, relative humidity, leaf wetness and global radiation. The model contained 19 uncertain parameters, and from a sensitivity analysis, 12 were detected as weakly sensitive to model outputs and fixed to a nominal value within their prior boundaries. The remaining seven parameters were detected as more sensitive to model outputs and were parameterized using maximum a'posteriori (MAP) estimates, calculated through Bayesian calibration. The model was developed based on literature combined with field data of daily observed number of lesions on trap plants of the Bintje cultivar (late blight susceptible) at Ås during the seasons 2006-2008 and 2010-2011. It was further tested on daily observed number of lesions on trap plants of the cultivars Bintje, Saturna (medium susceptible) and Peik (medium resistant) at Ås during the seasons 2012-2015. For all three cultivars, the Nærstad model improved with a higher model accuracy compared to the existing HOSPO-model and the Førsund rules that both have shown relatively good correlation with blight development in field evaluations in Norway. The best accuracy was found for Bintje (0.83) closely followed by Saturna (0.79), whereas a much lower accuracy was detected for Peik (0.66).
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Forfattere
Arne Stensvand Vinh Hong Le Belachew Asalf Tadesse Andreas Myki Beachell Nina Trandem Nina JohansenSammendrag
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Claudio Dias Jr. Da Silva Vinh Hong Le Belachew Asalf Tadesse Chloé Grieu Nan-Yi Wang Natalia A. Peres William Turechek Arne StensvandSammendrag
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Claudio Dias Jr. Da Silva Vinh Hong Le Belachew Asalf Tadesse Chloé Grieu Nan-Yi Wang Natalia A. Peres William Turechek Arne StensvandSammendrag
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Eldrid Lein Molteberg Vinh Hong Le Mads Rødningsby Robert Nybråten Per Jarle MølllerhagenSammendrag
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Forfattere
Simeon Rossmann Merete Wiken Dees Torfinn Torp Vinh Hong Le Monica Skogen Borghild Glorvigen Jan van der Wolf May Bente BrurbergSammendrag
Potato soft rot Pectobacteriaceae (SRP) cause large yield losses and are persistent in seed lots once established. In Norway, different Pectobacterium species are the predominant cause of soft rot and blackleg disease. This work aimed to evaluate the potential of real-time PCR for quantification of SRP in seed tubers, as well as investigating the status of potato seed health with respect to SRP in Norway. A total of 34 seed potato lots, including certified seeds, was grown and monitored over three consecutive years. All seed lots contained a quantifiable amount of SRP after enrichment, with very few subsamples being free of the pathogens. A high SRP prevalence based on a qPCR assay, as well as a high symptom incidence in certified seeds were observed, suggesting that current criteria for seed certification are insufficient to determine tuber health and predict field outcomes. Pectobacterium atrosepticum was the most abundant species in the examined seed lots and present in all lots. Consistently good performance of first generation seed lots with respect to blackleg and soft rot incidence, as well as low quantity of SRP in these seed lots demonstrated the importance of clean seed potatoes. Weather conditions during the growing season seemed to govern disease incidence and SRP prevalence more than seed grade. The impact of temperature, potato cultivar and Pectobacterium species on tuber soft rot development were further examined in tuber infection experiments, which showed that temperature was the most important factor in nearly all cultivars. Large-scale quantification of latent infection and predictive models that include contributing factors like weather, infecting bacterial species and cultivar are needed to reduce soft rot and blackleg.
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Dette forsøket hadde som primærformål å undersøke produksjonshastighet og energiutbyttet av en blanding av storfegjødsel og løk ved to ulike temperaturer, 41 og 55 grader. Det var liten forskjell på metanutbyttet ved de to temperaturer som betyr at energiutbyttet var høyest ved 41 grader. Hvis belastningen kan økes ved 55 grader kan dette forholdet endres, men høyt svovelinnhold kan gjøre det nødvendig å ta noen forbehold. Et annet, og minst like viktig formål var å gjøre et innledende forsøk med en planteskadegjører. Løkhvitråte, forårsaket av Stromatinia cepivora syn. Sclerotium cepivorum, er en karanteneskadegjører i Norge, og løkhvitråte er funnet hos flere løkprodusenter i landet. Vi fant ingen spiring av soppen på syntetisk og spesielt ved 41 grader var soppsporene sterkt angrepet av andre mikroorganismer. Det syntetiske mediet inneholder ikke nødvendigvis alle faktorer som kan trigge vekst til skadet sopp så vi kan ikke garantere biogassprosessens effektivitet på overlevelse av soppsporer før effekt på overlevelse av løkhvitråte er undersøkt i potteforsøk med løk.
Forfattere
Unni Abrahamsen Belachew Asalf Tadesse Andrea Ficke Vinh Hong Le Berit Nordskog Gunnhild Jaastad Annette Folkedal Schjøll Arne Stensvand John Ingar ØverlandSammendrag
I denne rapporten presenteres resultater fra biologisk veiledningsprøving av soppmidler i jordbær, bringebær, hvete, setteløk, gulrot og gran i skogplanteskoler. Det er også presentert et forsøk med skadedyrmidler mot bladlus i erter til konserves. I tillegg er det rapportert et forsøk med kairomonfeller mot skadedyr i eple.
Forfattere
Merete Wiken Dees Simeon Rossmann Monica Skogen Vinh Hong Le Arnaud Lefrancois Abdelhameed Elameen Borghild Glorvigen Alison K. Lees Jan van der Wolf May Bente BrurbergSammendrag
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Gunn Mari Strømeng Unni Abrahamsen Belachew Asalf Tadesse Håvard Eikemo Andrea Ficke Vinh Hong Le Berit Nordskog Martin Petterson Arne Stensvand Venche TalgøSammendrag
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Pia Heltoft Thomsen May Bente Brurberg Monica Skogen Vinh Hong Le Jafar Razzaghian Arne HermansenSammendrag
The prevalence of Fusarium dry rot in potatoes produced in Norway was investigated in a survey for three consecutive years in the period 2010 to 2012. A total of 238 samples (comprising 23,800 tubers) were collected, representing different cultivars and production regions in Norway. Fusarium spp. were detected in 47% of the samples, with one to three species per sample. In total, 718 isolates of Fusarium spp. were recovered and identified to seven species. The most commonly isolated species was Fusarium coeruleum, comprising 59.6% of the total Fusarium isolates and found in 17.2% of the collected samples, followed by Fusarium avenaceum (27.2% of the isolates and found in 27.7% of the samples). Fusarium sambucinum was the third most prevalent species (6.4% in 8.8% of the samples) and Fusarium culmorum the fourth (5.2% in 6.3% of the samples). Less prevalent species included Fusarium cerealis, Fusarium graminearum, and Fusarium equiseti (<1% in 0.4 to 1.3% of the samples). F. coeruleum was the most prevalent species in northern and southwestern Norway, whereas F. avenaceum was dominating in eastern Norway. The potato cultivars Berber and Rutt were susceptible to all Fusarium spp. A new TaqMan real-time PCR assay specific for F. coeruleum was developed, which successfully identified Norwegian isolates. This and other previously developed real-time PCR assays targeting different Fusarium species were evaluated for their ability to detect latent infections in potatoes at harvest. This study provides new information on the current occurrence of different Fusarium species causing Fusarium dry rot in potatoes in Europe including areas far into the arctic in the north of Norway.
Forfattere
Ingerd Skow Hofgaard Till Seehusen Heidi Udnes Aamot Hugh Riley Jafar Razzaghian Vinh Hong Le Anne-Grete Roer Hjelkrem Ruth Dill-Macky Guro BrodalSammendrag
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Arne Stensvand Gunn Strømeng Ragnhild Nærstad Andrew Dobson Vinh Hong Le Andrea Ficke Heidi Udnes Aamot Guro Brodal Ingerd Skow Hofgaard Unni AbrahamsenRedaktører
Håvard EikemoSammendrag
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Ragnhild Nærstad Vinh Hong Le Gunn Strømeng Belachew Asalf Tadesse Arne Stensvand Andrea FickeSammendrag
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Ingerd Skow Hofgaard Till Seehusen Heidi Udnes Aamot Jafar Razzaghian Vinh Hong Le Hugh Riley Børge Holen Elisa Gauslaa Hege Særvold Steen Anne-Grete Roer Hjelkrem S.G. Edwards Ruth Dill-Macky Guro BrodalSammendrag
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Ragnhild Nærstad Guro Brodal Andrew Dobson Håvard Eikemo Andrea Ficke Maria Herrero Vinh Hong Le Jafar Razzaghian Arne Stensvand Unni Abrahamsen Jorunn BørveSammendrag
Forsøksresultatene som presenteres i denne rapporten er biologisk godkjenningsprøving av soppmidler utført på oppdrag fra Mattilsynet i 2014. Inkludert i rapporten er også forsøk eller egne forsøksledd som grupperes som biologisk utviklingsprøving. Forsøkene er utført etter GEP-kvalitet1 hvis ikke annet er nevnt. Dette innebærer at det er utarbeidet skriftlige prosedyrer for nesten alle arbeidsprosesser. Disse prosedyrene, kalt standardforskrifter (SF’er), er samlet i en kvalitetshåndbok. Denne er delt ut til alle personer som arbeider med utprøving av plantevernmidler. De samme personene har også vært med på et endagskurs i GEP-arbeid.
Forfattere
Ingerd Skow Hofgaard Till Seehusen Heidi Udnes Aamot Unni Abrahamsen Jafar Razzaghian Vinh Hong Le Hugh Riley Einar Strand Elisa Gauslaa Mauritz Åssveen May Bente Brurberg Hege Særvold Steen Guro BrodalSammendrag
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Ingerd Skow Hofgaard Till Seehusen Heidi Udnes Aamot Unni Abrahamsen Jafar Razzaghian Vinh Hong Le Hugh Riley Einar Strand Elisa Gauslaa Mauritz Åssveen May Bente Brurberg Hege Særvold Steen Guro BrodalSammendrag
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Ragnhild Nærstad SS. Sharma Vinh Hong Le Abdelhameed Elameen Arne Hermansen May Bente BrurbergSammendrag
Initial sources of inoculum of Phytophthora infestans were investigated in ten potato fields with early outbreaks of potato late blight. Infected plant samples and isolates from these fields were examined with respect to mating type prevalence, fungicide resistance and genotypes based on microsatellites A high proportion (91 %) of the isolates recovered were of mating type A1. However, both mating types were found in 3 of 9 fields with more than one isolate recovered, and sometimes both mating types were found on the same plant. Most of the isolates recovered from fields treated with metalaxyl-M prior to sampling had reduced sensitivity or were resistant to metalaxyl-M, and most of the isolates recovered form fields without metalaxyl treatment were sensitive. The isolates recovered from fields treated with propamocarb prior to sampling had a higher frequency of reduced sensitivity to propamocarb than isolates from fields without propamocarb treatment. We found that most plants contained more than one P. infestans SSR-genotype. Clustering analysis of the infected samples revealed that most samples clustered together according to fields. By combining information from P. infestans isolates and DNA extracts from the leaf lesions we found examples of both mating type A1 and A2 having the same multilocus genotype. This result indicates that both of these genotypes have a common ancestor, hence the inoculum originates from oospores. Although this a minor study of only 10 fields with a limited amount of isolates and plant samples, the results indicate oospores in the soil is an inoculum source. Hence the forecasting model to predict outbreaks of potato late blight should be modified to include this.
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May Bente Brurberg Mads Sønderkær Monica Skogen Even Sannes Riiser Vinh Hong Le Merete Dees Kåre Lehman NielsenSammendrag
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Merete Dees Mads Sønderkær Monica Skogen Even Sannes Riiser Vinh Hong Le Kåre Lehman Nielsen May Bente BrurbergSammendrag
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Merete Dees Mads Sønderkær Monica Skogen Even Sannes Riiser Vinh Hong Le Kåre Lehman Nielsen May Bente BrurbergSammendrag
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Merete Dees Mads Sønderkær Monica Skogen Even Sannes Riiser Vinh Hong Le Kåre Lehman Nielsen May Bente BrurbergSammendrag
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Ragnhild Nærstad Vinh Hong Le Shiva Shankar Sharma Abdelhameed Elameen May Bente BrurbergSammendrag
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Ingerd Skow Hofgaard Till Seehusen Heidi Udnes Aamot Unni Abrahamsen Jafar Razzaghian Vinh Hong Le Hugh Riley Einar Strand Børge Holen Elisa Gauslaa Tove Kristina Sundgren Mauritz Åssveen Berit Nordskog Hege Særvold Steen Guro BrodalSammendrag
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Merete Dees Mads Sønderkær Monica Skogen Even Sannes Riiser Vinh Hong Le Kåre Lehman Nielsen May Bente BrurbergSammendrag
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Ragnhild Nærstad Arne Stensvand Håvard Eikemo Jorunn Børve Guro Brodal Andrea Ficke Oleif Elen Maria Herrero Andrew Dobson Vinh Hong Le Jafar Razzaghian Unni AbrahamsenSammendrag
Forsøksresultatene som presenteres i denne rapporten er biologisk godkjenningsprøving av soppmidler utført på oppdrag fra Mattilsynet i 2012. Inkludert i rapporten er også forsøk eller egne forsøksledd som grupperes som biologisk utviklingsprøving. Forsøkene er utført etter GEP-kvalitet1 hvis ikke annet er nevnt. Dette innebærer at det er utarbeidet skriftlige prosedyrer for nesten alle arbeidsprosesser. Disse prosedyrene, kalt standardforskrifter (SF’er), er samlet i en kvalitetshåndbok. Denne er delt ut til alle personer som arbeider med utprøving av plantevernmidler. De samme personene har også vært med på et endagskurs i GEP-arbeid.
Forfattere
Ingerd Skow Hofgaard Till Seehusen Unni Abrahamsen Jafar Razzaghian Vinh Hong Le Oleif Elen Hugh Riley Einar Strand Guro BrodalSammendrag
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Ingerd Skow Hofgaard Till Seehusen Unni Abrahamsen Jafar Razzaghian Vinh Hong Le Oleif Elen Hugh Riley Einar Strand Guro BrodalSammendrag
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A survey of the prevalence of skin blemish diseases in potatoes after the growing seasons of 2008 and 2009 was carried out on 247 potato lots representing different cultivars and production regions in Norway. The results showed the presence of silver scurf (Helminthosporium solani) in all lots. Skin spot (Polyscytalum pustulans) and black scurf (Rhizoctonia solani) were found in 80% of the lots, and black dot (Colletotrichum coccodes) and common scab caused by Streptomyces spp. were present in 50–70%. Also, powdery scab (Spongospora subterranea) occurred in 65–80% of the lots, and root-lesion nematodes (Pratylenchus spp.) were detected in 60% of the sub-samples that exhibited symptoms of common scab.
Forfattere
Ragnhild Nærstad Merete Dees Vinh Hong Le Ricardo Holgado Per Jarle Møllerhagen Eldrid Lein Molteberg May Bente Brurberg Tor J. Johansen Arild Sletten Arne HermansenSammendrag
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Ragnhild Nærstad Arne Hermansen Vinh Hong Le Grete Lund Abdelhameed Elameen May Bente BrurbergSammendrag
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May Bente Brurberg Abdelhameed Elameen Vinh Hong Le Ragnhild Nærstad Arne Hermansen Ari Lehtinen Asko Hannukkala Bent Nielsen Jens Hansen Björn Andersson Jonoathan YuenSammendrag
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Arne Hermansen Merete Wiken Dees Arild Sletten Ricardo Holgado Eldrid Lein Molteberg Tor J. Johansen May Bente Brurberg Ragnhild Nærstad Vinh Hong LeSammendrag
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Merete Wiken Dees Arild Sletten Ricardo Holgado Eldrid Lein Molteberg Tor J. Johansen May Bente Brurberg Vinh Hong Le Ragnhild Nærstad Arne HermansenSammendrag
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Arne Hermansen Merete Wiken Dees Arild Sletten Ricardo Holgado Eldrid Lein Molteberg Tor J. Johansen May Bente Brurberg Ragnhild Nærstad Vinh Hong LeSammendrag
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May Bente Brurberg Abdelhameed Elameen Vinh Hong Le Ragnhild Nærstad Arne Hermansen Ari Lehtinen Asko Hannukkala Bent Nielsen Jens Hansen Björn Andersson Jonathan YuenSammendrag
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A. Lehtinen B. Andersson Vinh Hong Le Ragnhild Nærstad M. Rastas E. Ketoja A. O. Hannukkala Arne Hermansen B. Nielsen J. G. Hansen J. YuenSammendrag
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En forbedret tørråtevarslingsmodell er utviklet basert på forsøk med sporefelle og fangstplanter. Modellen beregner risikoen for sporeproduksjon med påfølgende sporespredning, overlevelse og infeksjon ut fra klimadata på timebasis, forutsatt at det er tørråtesmitte i området.
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A. Lehtinen A. Hannukkala B. Andersson Arne Hermansen Vinh Hong Le Ragnhild Nærstad May Bente Brurberg B.J. Nielsen J. G. Hansen J. YuenSammendrag
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Svartskurv kan gi mange ulike symptomer i potet. Et av disse er vekstsprekk i knoller.
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Potettørråte ble i 2006 et langt større problem for mange dyrkere på Østlandet enn det en kunne forvente ut fra klima i juli. Feltforsøk i ulike områder av landet viste at både sprøyting etter ulike varsler og ved faste intervall med dynamiske doser er aktuelle strategier.
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Det er gjennomført feltforsøk i potet for å se på vekstavslutningsmetodens betydning for tørråtesmitte. Forsøkene viser at behandling med fungicid nær opptil høsting reduserer tørråtesmitten noe. Risdreping reduserer tørråtesmitten kraftig. Risdrepingsmåten er av mindre betydning for smitten.
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Tørråte i potet er i fokus både for potetdyrkerne og deres veiledere hver vekstsesong. Innen forskningen er det et kontinuerlig arbeid med å finne strategier som kan brukes for å bekjempe sjukdommen på en best mulig måte. Artikkelen gir i hovedsak en oppsummering av resultater fra vekstsesongen 2005.