Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2025
Forfattere
Thiago InagakiSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Lindner, Hanna NoemiSammendrag
Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture (PGRFA) have declined drastically in recent decades, leaving the food system in a vulnerable state. In Norway, vegetable production relies heavily on imported seeds, which places the country in a fragile position regarding seed preparedness. To address this challenge, varieties adapted to Norway’s climatic and environmental conditions are needed, with landraces, characterized by their high genetic diversity, being particularly important. This case study applies a commoning approach to explore the role of KVANN, a Norwegian Community Seed Bank (CSB) together with the wider community of hobby gardeners, in facilitating access to seeds. The study combined 8 semi-structured interviews, two days participatory observation at a KVANN-seminar, and a questionnaire to hobby gardeners in Norway. Results indicate that although seed exchange is not the primary source of seeds and occurs only occasionally, these practices nonetheless impact management of plant genetic diversity, enable knowledge exchange and nurture trust in the community. By highlighting these dynamics, this case study contributes to the wider literature, revealing the important role hobby gardeners in Norway play in managing plant genetic diversity through seed and knowledge exchange. This is achieved by taking collective responsibility, collaboration with other actors in the seed system, and building trust among hobby gardeners. Ultimately, this thesis suggests that hobby gardeners, with KVANN as a central driver, can enhance access to diverse plant genetic resources and thereby contribute to seed-preparedness in Norway.
Sammendrag
Climate change and human activities are prone to cause the shrinkage of lakes and soil salinization in arid areas, thereby affecting regional ecological security. Biodiversity conservation and ecological restoration in shrinking lake areas have attracted more attention. We have investigated the changes in soil organic carbon (SOC) content and microbial community diversity under different vegetation restoration measures, such as the species of Carex, Salicornia, Tamarisk, reed, and grass restoration in the lakeshore of Dalinor lake in Inner Mongolia. Results showed that the soil pH and water-soluble salt content are relatively high in the Carex and Salicornia restoration areas compared to the bare land, and the changes in SOC and TN content are not significant. Still, the contents of AP (available phosphorus) and AK (available potassium) are significantly increased. For the Tamarisk, reed, and grass restoration areas, the level of soil salinization has significantly decreased. At the same time, the contents of SOC and TN are increased by 23.1% and 116.2% compared with the bare land, respectively. With the different vegetation restoration measures, soil microbial biomass carbon (MBC) content was, on average, 62.4% higher than that of bare land. The high-throughput sequencing data showed that different vegetation restoration measures have significantly changed the composition of soil bacterial communities, the alpha diversity indices of Chao1 and Shannon increased by 73.6% and 19.7%, respectively, and the abundance of microbial species related to soil carbon and nitrogen cycling also showed an enrichment trend. Taken together, our study, built on the joint efforts of Chinese and Norwegian partners, has provided valuable information for the future adaptive management of climate change risks and biodiversity conservation related to the shrinkage of lakes in arid areas.
Forfattere
Thiago InagakiSammendrag
This presentation examines how organo-mineral associations (OMAs) are affected by climate differences, and how they contribute to carbon persistence and enhance soil quality across different regions. The talk will combine results obtained from micro- to field-scale studies in natural and agricultural environments, showing relationship between OMAs, microorganisms, and soil structure.
Forfattere
Teresa Gómez de la Bárcena Tatiana Francischinelli Rittl Eva Farkas Daniel Rasse Christophe Moni Cédric Plessis Loiuse Malot Helge Meissner Trond Henriksen Randi Berland FrøsethSammendrag
Background and aims Cover crops are an important measure for carbon (C) sequestration in agriculture. However, little is known about the potential of cover crops to increase C under Nordic conditions and the efficiency of this measure over time. Here, we quantify the potential contribution of different cover crops to soil organic carbon (SOC) and organic matter fractions, and study how this is affected by the origin of the C input (aboveground or belowground residues). Methods We conducted a 13 CO 2 pulse-labelling experiment during the growing season of four cover crops adapted to Nordic conditions, representing different plant functional types. The assimilated 13 C was traced in soil during the following two years. We investigated the fate of cover crop C in two organic matter fractions, Particulate Organic Matter (POM) and Mineral-Associated Organic Matter (MAOM), known to have different persistence in soil. Results Carbon derived from aboveground residues decayed two to three times faster as compared to belowground C. Belowground C inputs were similar among cover crops despite their contrasting root traits and differences in root biomass C. Rhizodeposited-C was consistently the largest belowground C input. Cover crop species affected the quantity of POM-C and MAOM-C, but MAOM-C was preferentially formed from belowground C (ranging from 0.63 ± 0.2 to 0.25 ± 0.1 Mg MAOM-C ha −1 across different cover crops), regardless of the species. Conclusions Cover crop species that can combine large belowground biomass production with root traits that promote physical and physico-chemical protection of OM will contribute most effectively to the long-term SOC pool. These aspects need to be balanced with considerations related to agricultural management.
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Hans‐Peter Schmidt Samuel Abiven Annette Cowie Bruno Glaser Stephen Joseph Claudia Kammann Johannes Lehmann Jens Leifeld Genxing Pan Daniel Rasse Cornelia Rumpel Dominic Woolf Andrew R. Zimmerman Nikolas HagemannSammendrag
1. The application of biochar to soil is a highly durable nature‐based carbon dioxide removal (CDR) pathway. It provides certifiable climate‐change mitigation, with mean carbon residence times exceeding 1,000 years, and additional co‐benefits for soil health and fertility. 2. Biochar persistence in soil depends on both intrinsic material properties and environmental factors. Its longevity is determined not only by the polyaromatic structure of the biochar itself but also by soil mineralogy, biological activity, and climatic conditions. 3. Biochar aging involves both decomposition and stabilization processes. The complementary mechanisms of decomposition and stabilization include interactions of biochar with minerals and native organic matter, as well as aggregations with soil particles that maintain its long‐term persistence. 4. Biochars and inertinite‐ranked fossil coals cannot be equated. Inertinite has been protected from biotic and abiotic oxidation for millions of years through burial in sediments and inclusion in minerals under high pressure and temperature. Biochar produced today in modern pyrolysis facilities is a fundamentally different material. 5. No carbonaceous material is completely inert. Field and laboratory studies consistently show measurable, though small, mineralization across a wide range of biochar types. Declaring that soil‐applied biochar carbon persists at 100% over millennia is inconsistent with current scientific understanding. 6. Analytical proxies indicate relative, but not absolute, biochar persistence. 7. Policy definitions of biochar CDR should reflect climate‐relevant timescales. The degree of persistence should be estimated on the order of centuries rather than millennia, supported by registered material properties, traceable application data, conservative modeling, and continued long‐term field experiments for model validation.
Forfattere
Gerard Cornelissen Nathalie Briels Thomas D. Bucheli Nicolas Estoppey Andrea Gredelj Nikolas Hagemann Sylvain Lerch Simon Lotz Daniel Rasse Hans-Peter Schmidt Erlend Grenager Sørmo Hans Peter Heinrich ArpSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Sammendrag
Vi beskriver tilnærmingen hvordan man kan bruke dendrometer målinger pluss klimavariabler til å modellere transpirasjon i Hurdal skogen
Sammendrag
An update on the carbon gains and losses at Hurdal