Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2019
Redaktører
Oddmund HjukseSammendrag
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Forfattere
Bolette BeleSammendrag
Rapporten inneholder ei revidert skjøtselsplan for engslåttene i Blåora som ligger i Endalen landskapsvernområde, Midtre Gauldal kommune. Skjøtselsplanen beskriver bevaringsmål for det karakteristiske kulturlandskapet og det biologiske mangfoldet som er knytta til engslåttene. Det gis konkrete råd om hvilke restaurerings- og skjøtselstiltak som anbefales for å ta vare på disse verdiene.
Sammendrag
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Sammendrag
BACKGROUND: Interest in the wild berries of dwarf shrubs (wild berries) is increasing. Therefore, an update is important regarding how these species react to and interact with different climatic factors, and on how the predicted climatic changes will affect their distribution, growth and content of compounds affecting health. OBJECTIVE: To systemize knowledge of the Ericaceae and Empetraceae wild berry species. METHODS: A review of literature covering the above topics. CONCLUSION: This review includes five wild berry species and their subspecies: Vaccinium myrtillus, Vaccinium vitis-idaea, Vaccinium uliginosum, Vaccinium oxycoccos with ssp. microcarpon, and Empetrum nigrum with ssp. nigrum, hermaphroditum and japonicum. They have been and still are collected in the wild, by local households and industry. The berries have high content of biological compounds of interest for human health. Despite the increasing interest in and demand for these wild berries, domestication attempts have been rare. The species often grow together and are competitors. Which species dominate depends on soil conditions and is determined by small differences. The changing climate and various disturbances will also influence the distribution patterns of wild berries and competing plant species. Semi-cultivation in the natural habitat is probably the best solution for viable and sustainable commercial exploitation of these resources, at least if they are sold with the label “wild berries”. However, these species are easily propagated by fresh cuttings, and they can grow on arable land, adapting soil conditions to fit their growing preferences. Such cultivation, to our knowledge has not yet been performed on a large economic scale.
Forfattere
Klaus MittenzweiSammendrag
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Forfattere
Jyrki Jauhiainen Jukka Alm Brynhildur Bjarnadottir Ingeborg Callesen Jesper R Christiansen Nicholas Clarke Lise Dalsgaard Hongxing He Sabine Jordan Vaiva Kazanavičiūtė Leif Klemedtsson Ari Laurén Andis Lazdiņš Aleksi Lehtonen Annalea Lohila Ainars Lupikis Ülo Mander Kari Minkkinen Åsa Kasimir Mats Olsson Paavo Ojanen Hlynur Óskarsson Bjarni D. Sigurdsson Gunnhild Søgaard Kaido Soosaar Lars Vesterdal Raija LaihoSammendrag
Drained organic forest soils in boreal and temperate climate zones are believed to be significant sources of the greenhouse gases (GHGs) carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O), but the annual fluxes are still highly uncertain. Drained organic soils exemplify systems where many studies are still carried out with relatively small resources, several methodologies and manually operated systems, which further involve different options for the detailed design of the measurement and data analysis protocols for deriving the annual flux. It would be beneficial to set certain guidelines for how to measure and report the data, so that data from individual studies could also be used in synthesis work based on data collation and modelling. Such synthesis work is necessary for deciphering general patterns and trends related to, e.g., site types, climate, and management, and the development of corresponding emission factors, i.e. estimates of the net annual soil GHG emission and removal, which can be used in GHG inventories. Development of specific emission factors also sets prerequisites for the background or environmental data to be reported in individual studies. We argue that wide applicability greatly increases the value of individual studies. An overall objective of this paper is to support future monitoring campaigns in obtaining high-value data. We analysed peer-reviewed publications presenting CO2, CH4 and N2O flux data for drained organic forest soils in boreal and temperate climate zones, focusing on data that have been used, or have the potential to be used, for estimating net annual soil GHG emissions and removals. We evaluated the methods used in data collection and identified major gaps in background or environmental data. Based on these, we formulated recommendations for future research.
Forfattere
Sissel Hansen Randi Berland Frøseth Maria Stenberg Jarosław Stalenga Jørgen E. Olesen Maike Krauss Paweł Radzikowski Jordi Doltra Shahid Nadeem Torfinn Torp Valentini Pappa Christine A. WatsonSammendrag
The emissions of nitrous oxide (N2O) and leaching of nitrate (NO3) from agricultural cropping systems have considerable negative impacts on climate and the environment. Although these environmental burdens are less per unit area in organic than in non-organic production on average, they are roughly similar per unit of product. If organic farming is to maintain its goal of being environmentally friendly, these loadings must be addressed. We discuss the impact of possible drivers of N2O emissions and NO3 leaching within organic arable farming practice under European climatic conditions, and potential strategies to reduce these. Organic arable crop rotations are generally diverse with the frequent use of legumes, intercropping and organic fertilisers. The soil organic matter content and the share of active organic matter, soil structure, microbial and faunal activity are higher in such diverse rotations, and the yields are lower, than in non-organic arable cropping systems based on less diverse systems and inorganic fertilisers. Soil mineral nitrogen (SMN), N2O emissions and NO3 leaching are low under growing crops, but there is the potential for SMN accumulation and losses after crop termination, harvest or senescence. The risk of high N2O fluxes increases when large amounts of herbage or organic fertilisers with readily available nitrogen (N) and degradable carbon are incorporated into the soil or left on the surface. Freezing/thawing, drying/rewetting, compacted and/or wet soil and mechanical mixing of crop residues into the soil further enhance the risk of high N2O fluxes. N derived from soil organic matter (background emissions) does, however, seem to be the most important driver for N2O emission from organic arable crop rotations, and the correlation between yearly total N-input and N2O emissions is weak. Incorporation of N-rich plant residues or mechanical weeding followed by bare fallow conditions increases the risk of NO3 leaching. In contrast, strategic use of deep-rooted crops with long growing seasons or effective cover crops in the rotation reduces NO3 leaching risk. Enhanced recycling of herbage from green manures, crop residues and cover crops through biogas or composting may increase N efficiency and reduce N2O emissions and NO3 leaching. Mixtures of legumes (e.g. clover or vetch) and non-legumes (e.g. grasses or Brassica species) are as efficient cover crops for reducing NO3 leaching as monocultures of non-legume species. Continued regular use of cover crops has the potential to reduce NO3 leaching and enhance soil organic matter but may enhance N2O emissions. There is a need to optimise the use of crops and cover crops to enhance the synchrony of mineralisation with crop N uptake to enhance crop productivity, and this will concurrently reduce the long-term risks of NO3 leaching and N2O emissions.
Forfattere
Eva Narten HøbergSammendrag
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Forfattere
M. P. G. Hofman M.W. Hayward Morten Heim P. Marchand Christer Moe Rolandsen Jenny Mattisson F. Urbano M. Heurich Atle Mysterud J. Melzheimer N. Morellet U. Voigt B.L. Allen B. Gehr C. Rouco W. Ullmann Øystein Holand Nicolai Hermann Jørgensen Geir Steinheim F. Cagnacci M. Kroeschel Petra Kaczensky B. Buuveibaatar J.C. Payne I. Palmegiani K. Jerina P. Kjellander Ö. Johansson S. LaPoint R. Bayrakcismith John Durrus Linnell M. Zaccaroni M.L.S. Jorge J.E.F. Oshima A. Songhurst C. Fischer R.T. Mc Bride Jr. J.J. Thompson S. Streif R. Sandfort Christophe Bonenfant M. Drouilly M. Klapproth D. Zinner R. Yarnell A. Stronza L. Wilmott Erling Meisingset M. Thaker A.T. Vanak S. Nicoloso R. Graeber S. Saïd M.R. Boudreau A. Devlin R. Hoogesteijn J.A. May-Junior J.C. Nifong John Odden H.B. Quigley F. Tortato D.M. Parker A. Caso J. Perrine C. Tellaeche F. Zieba T. Zwijacz-Kozica C.L. Appel I. Axsom W.T. Bean B. Cristescu S. Périquet K.J. Teichman S. Karpanty A. Licoppe V. Menges K. Black T.L. Scheppers S.C. Schai-Braun F. C. Azevedo F.G. Lemos A. Payne L.H. Swanepoel B.V. Weckworth A. Berger A. Bertassoni G. McCulloch P. Šustr V. Athreya D. Bockmuhl J. Casaer A. Ekori D. Melovski C. Richard-Hansen D. van de Vyver R. Reyna-Hurtado E. Robardet N. Selva A. Sergiel M.S. Farhadinia P. Sunde R. Portas H. Ambarli R. Berzins P.M. Kappeler G.K. Mann L. Pyritz C. Bissett T. Grant R. Steinmetz L. Swedell R.J. Welch D. Armenteras O.R. Bidder T.M. González A. Rosenblatt S. Kachel N. BalkenholSammendrag
Satellite telemetry is an increasingly utilized technology in wildlife research, and current devices can track individual animal movements at unprecedented spatial and temporal resolutions. However, as we enter the golden age of satellite telemetry, we need an in-Depth understanding of the main technological, species-specific and environmental factors that determine the success and failure of satellite tracking devices across species and habitats. Here, we assess the relative influence of such factors on the ability of satellite telemetry units to provide the expected amount and quality of data by analyzing data from over 3,000 devices deployed on 62 terrestrial species in 167 projects worldwide. We evaluate the success rate in obtaining GPS fixes as well as in transferring these fixes to the user and we evaluate failure rates. Average fix success and data transfer rates were high and were generally better predicted by species and unit characteristics, while environmental characteristics influenced the variability of performance. However, 48% of the unit deployments ended prematurely, half of them due to technical failure. Nonetheless, this study shows that the performance of satellite telemetry applications has shown improvements over time, and based on our findings, we provide further recommendations for both users and manufacturers.
Forfattere
Aksel GranhusSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag