Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2007
Forfattere
Anne Kristine Søvik P.T. MørkvedSammendrag
Constructed wetlands (CWs) treat municipal wastewater through the retention of nutrients and particles. The retention of nitrogen (N) was studied in the laboratory using columns and meso-scale trenches filled with shellsand and light-weight aggregates (LWA). The objective was to examine whether measuring the natural abundance of d15N in NO2 3 could be used to estimate the relative contribution of denitrification to the total NO2 3 removal in these treatment systems. In both the columns and the trenches it was seen that denitrification was more efficient in shellsand and LWA collected from on-site treatment systems compared to new LWA. This was due to the high pH value (about 10) of new LWA. The enrichment factors (e ) from the column study were in general lower than values found in laboratory tests of isotope discrimination in denitrification, but similar to e values found for denitrification in groundwater systems. No enrichment factors could be found for the trench study due to simultaneous denitrification and nitrification and inhomogeneous N transformation patterns. When NHþ4 was partially nitrified in the upper parts of the trench, this diluted the 15N enrichment of NO2 3 due to denitrification. Thus, in systems with high NHþ4 concentrations and partial aerobic conditions, the method of natural abundance is not suitable for estimating the relative contribution of denitrification to the total NO2 3 removal.
Sammendrag
Quantifying P losses to surface waters at different scales and partitioning of the loads into P losses from point sources and diffuse sources are significant future challenges for river basin managers. The agricultural share of P losses to surface waters is, in many river basins, increasing and therefore becoming more important to quantify and analyse. The importance of phosphorus losses from agricultural land was analysed using monitoring data and two different models for 35 micro-catchments (50 000 km2). Average annual phosphorus loss from agricultural land in the micro-catchments varied from 0.1 to 4.7 kg P ha)1 and showed no relationship with the short-term P surplus on agricultural land. The average annual total P loss from agricultural land showed equally large variation in the 17 macro-catchments (0.1"6.0 kg P ha)1), but the range was less for the 10 larger river basins (0.09"2.0 kg P ha)1). The annual P loss from the 35 micro-catchments was greatest in the micro-catchments characterized by soil erosion and a high proportion of surface run-off as in the Norwegian catchments. The same pattern was true for the 17 macro-catchments where the model-simulated total P loss from agricultural land was greatest in the catchments in northern and southern parts of Europe. The main diffuse pathways for total P loads in the 17 macro-catchments were simulated with the MONERIS model. On average, soil erosion and surface run-off was estimated to have contributed 53% (4.1"81%), groundwater 14% (0.2"41.7%) and tile drainage water 3% (0"14.0%).
Forfattere
Hans Geir EikenSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Nils-Otto KitterødSammendrag
I forbindelse med driving av ny tunnel gjennom Nøstvetmarka har Bioforsk Jord og miljø vurdert lokale geologiske og hydrologiske forhold som kan ha betydning for vannbalansen i Slorene våtmarksområde sør i Gjersjøen i Follo. Tunneltraséen går nær hovedforkastningene i Oslo feltet, men risikoen for betydelige lekkasjer inn i tunnelen fra de store vannkildene i området er likevel liten. De største sprekkene og svakhetssonene i fjellet er fylt av marine avsetninger. Lokal drenering av enkelt sprekker derimot er mer sannsynlig.
Forfattere
Gunnlaug RøtheSammendrag
Det er dokumenter at krekling har høyt innhold av antioksidanter som kan ha gunstig helsemessig effekt. For å få høyest mulig innhold av antioksidanter i bærene er det viktig å høste ved riktig tidspunkt. For videre foredling til produkter er prosesseringsmetode viktig for å bevare det gunstige innholdet av antioksidanter. Det er store ressurser av krekling i Norge som kan utnyttes til ulike produkter for mat og helse.
Sammendrag
Numerous fungicide applications are often needed to control powdery mildews in greenhouse-grown crops, and consequently there is an increasing demand for alternative means to control them. In commercial greenhouses, attack of powdery mildew caused by Podosphaera xanthii in cucumbers and P. pannosa in cut roses was controlled by weekly sprays of C-Pro CE601, a dilution of grapefruit seed extract (GSE). The raw material of GSE, delivered by Citricidalâ, is a glycerolic extract from seed and juiceless pulp of grapefruits (Citrus paradise). In both cultures C-Pro at 2000 ppm achieved as good control as treatments with penconazole or triforine. The mean level of attack by powdery mildew on leaves of cut roses one week after the last of three weekly treatments, was 9.8, 12.9 and 40.5 % for penconazole, C-Pro (2000 ppm), and untreated, respectively. In cucumbers, there was less difference between the untreated control and the different treatments, but for all times of assessments, C-Pro and triforine were better than untreated (P = 0.001). There was no significant difference in cucumber between C-Pro and triforine. Phytotoxicity symptoms like leaf twisting and rolling in roses (cv. Jade and Cezann) and dark green leaves and indications of growth retardation in cucumbers (cv. Ventura) were observed at the higher concentrations used (3000-4000 ppm). Thin layer chromatography of C-Pro CE601 has previously shown presence of benzethonium chloride, a synthetic antiseptic agent. Further research is necessary to determine if the observed effects of the product tested are due to natural compounds or if it is merely due to a synthetic preservative agent added. Our results revealed that C-Pro might be a supplement or even a replacement to some of the current fungicides used against powdery mildew.
Forfattere
Gunnlaug RøtheSammendrag
Det vert ofte hevda at sauebruk er enkle å leggja om til økologisk drift. Denne påstanden høver godt når ein har rikeleg med areal og mineraljord med høgt innhald av organisk materiale som dominerande jordtype. Vidare er det viktig å ha rikelig og godt beite og romsleg driftsbygning egna for utviding. Lett traktor og veleigna reiskapar vil også vera positivt . Alt avheng likevel av brukaren som skal gjennomføra omlegging av garden til økologisk landbruk og driva etter økolgoiske prinsipp.
Forfattere
Trond HofsvangSammendrag
Her gis en oversikt over en del sommerfuglarter som formerer seg lenger sørover i Europa, men som enkelte år migrerer nordover til Norge i store mengder.
Sammendrag
Foredraget presenterer resultater fra forsøk der virkningen av kontinuerlig belysning på fekunditet, utvikling og overlevelse hos veksthusmellus (Trialeurodes vaporariorum) ble undersøkt.
Sammendrag
Et feltforsøk med to grønnsaker (long beans (Vigna sesquipedalis) and leaf mustard (Brassica juncea)) ble utført for å studere effekten av å bruke IPM-prinsippene ved dyrking sammenlignet med konvensjonell dyrkingspraksis i 3 provinser i nord-Vietnam. Leaf mustard inneholdt flere pesticider og høyere restverdier enn long beans. Det ble dessuten påvist flere pesticider i prøvene som ikke var rapportert brukt av bøndene, både i prøver fra IPM-felt og de konvensjonelel feltene. Generelt ble det funnet lavere pesticidkonsentrasjoner i prøver fra IPM-felt enn fra de konvensjonelle feltene. Pesticidanalysene ble utført av Northern Pesticide Control Centre (NPCC) i Hanoi i samarbeid med Bioforsk.