Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2013
Sammendrag
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Forfattere
Felix Herzog Philippe Jeanneret Youssef Ammari Siyka Angelova Michaela Arndorfer Debra Bailey Katalin Balázs András Báldi Marion Bogers Robert Bunce Jean-Philippe Choisis David Cuming Peter Dennis Tetyana Dyman Sebastian Eiter Zoltán Elek Eszter Falusi Wendy Fjellstad Thomas Frank Jürgen Friedel Salah Garchi Ilse Geijzendorffer Tiziano Gomiero Gergely Jerkovich Rob Jongman Max Kainz Esezah Kakudidi Eszter Kelemen Roland Kölliker Norman Kwikiriza Anikó Kovács-Hostyánszki Luisa Last Gisela Lüscher Gerardo Moreno Charles Nkwiine John Opio Marie-Louise Oschatz Maurizio Guido Paoletti Károly Penksza Philippe Pointereau Susanne Riedel Jean-Pierre Sarthou Manuel Schneider Norman Siebrecht Daniele Sommaggio Siyka Stoyanova Erich Szerencsits O. Szalkovski Stella Targetti Davide Viaggi Jerylee Wilkes-Allemann Sebastian Wolfrum Sergiy Yashchenko Tommaso ZanettiSammendrag
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Sammendrag
To better understand the historic range of variability in the fire regime of Fennoscandian boreal forests we cross-dated 736 fire scars of remnant Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) wood samples in a 3.6 km2 section of the Trillemarka-Rollagsfjell Reserve of south-central Norway. Using a kernel range application in GIS we spatially delineated 57 individual forest fires between 1350 and the present. We found a strong anthropogenic signal in the fire regime from 1600 and onwards: (i) infrequent variably sized fires prior to 1600 shifted to frequent fires gradually decreasing in size during the 1600s and 1700s, with only a few small fires after 1800; (ii) time intervals between fires and the hazard of burning showed substantial differences pre- and post-1600; (iii) fire seasonality changed from late- to early-season fires from the 1626 fire and onwards; and (iv) fire severity decreased gradually over time. Written sources corroborated our results, narrating a history where anthropogenic forest fires and slash-and-burn cultivation expanded with the increasing population from the late 1500s. Concurrently, timber resources increased in value, gradually forcing slash-and-burn cultivators to abandon fires on forest land. Our results strengthen and expand previous Fennoscandian findings on the anthropogenic influence of historic fire regimes.
Forfattere
Joachim Paul Spindelbøck Zöe Cook Matthew I. Daws Einar Heegaard Inger Elisabeth Måren Vigdis VandvikSammendrag
Background and Aims: Across their range, widely distributed species are exposed to a variety of climatic and other environmental conditions, and accordingly may display variation in life history strategies. For seed germination in cold climates, two contrasting responses to variation in winter temperature have been documented: first, an increased ability to germinate at low temperatures (cold tolerance) as winter temperatures decrease, and secondly a reduced ability to germinate at low temperatures (cold avoidance) that concentrates germination towards the warmer parts of the season. Methods: Germination responses were tested for Calluna vulgaris, the dominant species of European heathlands, from ten populations collected along broad-scale bioclimatic gradients (latitude, altitude) in Norway, covering a substantial fraction of the species' climatic range. Incubation treatments varied from 10 to 25 °C, and germination performance across populations was analysed in relation to temperature conditions at the seed collection locations. Key Results: Seeds from all populations germinated rapidly and to high final percentages under the warmer incubation temperatures. Under low incubation temperatures, cold-climate populations had significantly lower germination rates and percentages than warm-climate populations. While germination rates and percentages also increased with seed mass, seed mass did not vary along the climatic gradients, and therefore did not explain the variation in germination responses. Conclusions: Variation in germination responses among Calluna populations was consistent with increased temperature requirements for germination towards colder climates, indicating a cold-avoidance germination strategy conditional on the temperature at the seeds' origin. Along a gradient of increasing temperatures this suggests a shift in selection pressures on germination from climatic adversity (i.e. low temperatures and potential frost risk in early or late season) to competitive performance and better exploitation of the entire growing season.
Sammendrag
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Forfattere
Stefanos Xenarios Paul PavelicSammendrag
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Sammendrag
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Sammendrag
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Forfattere
Ghislain Tchoromi Tepa-Yotto Trond Hofsvang Ignace Godonou Ingrid Tchibozo May SæthreSammendrag
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Sammendrag
Artikkelen gjennomgår nyere norsk kart- og geodatahistorie (1970 - 2000) og analyserer bakteppet for etableringen av den nasjonale geografiske infrastrukturen Norge digitalt