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Publikasjoner

NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.

2007

Sammendrag

Soil water repellency (hydrophobicity) is a common problem on sand-based golf greens. Due to this phenomenon, soil water may percolate as "finger flow" rather than uniformly through the soil profile. The objective of this project was to investigate the effect of a commonly used wetting agent, Primer 604, on turf quality and leaching of two fungicides from two contrasting rootzones.  The preliminary conclusions are as follows: 1. The wetting agent (WA) improved turf quality of straight sand rootzones during the warm and dry summer. Rootzone containing compost were not affected by WA. 2. WA lead to more water retention in the thatch layer and thus a tendency to more fungi during the rainy fall season. Again, the effect was mostly expressed on straight sand rootzones. 3. Water droplet intiltration tests showed that straight sand rootzones were strongly hydrophobic, even at 3-5 cm depth, i.e. under the thatch layer. Compost-amended rootzones were less hydrophobic, and only in the thatch layer. 4.  WA reduced the spatial variation in soil water content, notably in the 4-15 cm layer on straight sand plots. This suggest that water percolation was more uniform after use of WA. 5. Fungicide leaching did not occur from Green Mix rootzones, even for azoxystobin + propicionazole used at high "American" rates. 6. Use of WA significantly reduced leaching of the fungicides iprodione, azoxystrobin and propiconazole from straight sand rootzones.

Sammendrag

Fungi, especially those causing winter diseases, are major problems on golf course putting greens in Scandinavia. Although diseases can be prevented by cultivar selection and optimal maintenance, it is difficult to manage creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera) and annual bluegrass (Poa annua) greens totally without fungicides. Previous research showed that three commonly used fungicides; iprodione, azoxystrobin, and propiconazole, are liable to leaching when used on sand-based putting greens. One possible reason for this liability is the development of hydrophobic layers or spots causing water to percolate in fingers instead of uniformly through the root zone. The objective of this project was to study the effect of organic amendment and surfactant on turfgrass quality, hydrophobicity and fungicide leaching from a USGA putting green. An experiment was conducted from May 2006 till May 2007 on a three year old experimental green seeded to creeping bentgrass `Penn A-4" in the field lysimeter facility at Bioforsk Øst Landvik, SE Norway (Fig. 1). The experimental plan included two root zone compositions (straight sand vs the same sand amended with 2.3 % (w/w) garden compost (`Green Mix")); two surfactant treatments (no surfactant vs `Primer 604", 19 L/ha applied at monthly intervals from May to September 2006); and two fungicides, Rovral 750 (iprodione 1.5 kg a.i./ha) and Amistar Duo (azoxystrobin + propiconazole, 600 + 375 g a.i./ha), sprayed on three occasions; June, July and October 2006) in factorial combination. Turfgrass quality and disease occurrence, infiltration of water vs ethanol, water droplet penetration time, and spatial variability in soil water content was determined at regular time intervals. Fungicides in leaching water were analyzed 2 - 3 weeks after each application and after snow melt / soil thaw in spring 2007. Regular application of `Primer 604" reduced dry spot occurrence and improved turfgrass quality during the summer months, especially on straight sand plots. This improvement was associated with increased water infiltration rates and a reduction in the spatial variability in soil water content at 4 - 10 cm depth, suggesting that hydrophobicity extended deeper in the profile than the 14 - 19 mm thatch/mat layer. However, despite pesticide application, `Primer 604" also increased snow mold (Microdochioum nivale and Typhula spp.) incidence in spring 2007, probably because of a significant increase in the mean soil water content in the thatch"mat layer during the unusually mild and wet winter months (mean temperature / total precipitation from November 2006 to March 2007 was 3.5°C / 751 mm compared with 30 yr normal of 0.2°C / 516 mm). Leaching of fungicides from root zones with 2.3 % organic matter was always negligible, but, regular use of `Primer 604" on rootzones reduced the total leaching of iprodione, azoxystrobin,  and propiconazole from straight sand with 60, 63 and 80 %, respectively. In conclusion, `Primer 604" offers many advantages on straight sand rootzones, but there is also a need for new surfactants that retain less water in the thatch layer during the winter months.

Sammendrag

Foreløpige resultater på effekt av endring i temperatur, CO2-konsentrasjon og lysnivå på høsttilvekst og overvintringsevne hos de flerårige ugrasartene kveke, åkertistel og åkerdylle ble presentert.

Sammendrag

Fôring med raudkløver-grassurfôr gav mye høgare innhald av flavonoide planteøstrogen enn kvitkløver-grassurfôr. Særleg var innhaldet av equol høgt. Dette er interessant sidan det er teikn som tyder på at av planteøstrogena er det equol som spesielt verkar preventivt mot bryst- og prostatakreft

Sammendrag

Med bakgrunn i et ønske om å redusere foryngelseskostnadene og et varslet forbud mot bruk av kjemiske preparater mot snutebiller, har det blitt gjennomført mye forskning i Sverige på alternative metoder for å kunne lykkes med planting av gran (Nordlander et al. 2006). Miniplanter (Lindström et al. 2004) har i denne sammenheng blitt fremholdt som et interessant alternativ. Slike planter dyrkes frem fra frø til levering i løpet av 8-10 uker, når de er blitt noen få centimeter høye. Den korte produksjonstiden gir lavere produksjonskostnad per plante og økt fleksibilitet ved at planteproduksjonen lettere kan tilpasses etterspørselen. Utprøving av plantetypen under ulike skogforhold er imidlertid nødvendig før den eventuelt tas i praktisk bruk. Hvordan plantene greier seg mot snutebiller og konkurranse fra vegetasjonen på hogstflater, og mot oppfrost når det markberedes, er sentrale spørsmål som må avklares.

Sammendrag

Den botaniske sammensetningen påvirker fôrkvalitet og avlingsnivå i eng. Varig eng med allsidig sammensetning av gras og urter kan ha like høy fôrkvalitet som intensivt drevet raigraseng. Under Vestlandsforhold var imidlertid avlingsnivået høyere i eng dominert av timotei. Samtidig påvirker både plantebestanden, gjødsling og omlegging jordsmonnet. Eng som ikke pløyes akkumulerer mer organisk material enn eng som er i omløp.