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Publikasjoner

NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.

2017

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Sammendrag

«Case Baŋkgohppi»inngår som ett av tre overvåkingsstudier av kulturlag i forskningsprosjektet «InSituFarms». Undersøkelsen fant sted i en mødding fra yngre steinalder i Baŋkgohppi i Unjárgga gielda, Finnmark. Målet for undersøkelsen var å kartlegge bevaringstilstand og bevaringsforhold ved hjelp av arkeologisk kulturlagsbeskrivelse etter Norsk Standard (NS9451:2009), prøvetaking og installere sonder som blant annet måler temperatur, jordfuktighet (dvs vanninnhold) og redox i møddingen. Redoxverdier er kjemiske parametre som indikerer om det er reduserende eller oksiderende forhold, dvs om det er stabilt eller ustabilt. En sjakt på 0,7 x3meter ble åpnet og undersøkt arkeologisk før måleutstyret ble innstallert. Det arkeologiske materialet besto av pattedyrs-,fugle- og fiskebein, skjell, redskaper av bein og stein samt avslag. Møddingen ble 14C-datert til århundrene rundt 2000 B.C. Det ble påvist utmerkede bevaringsforhold for uorganisk materiale (herunder bein og horn) i møddingen grunnet høy pH og lav ledningsevne. Miljøovervåking av kulturlagene viste stabil lav fuktighet og lav temperatur. Høstperiodene 2013 og 2014 viste begge at fuktigheten økte pga. hyppigere nedbør på høsten, før kuldeperioder og snø la seg over og virket stabiliserende og beskyttende gjennom hele vinteren. Selv med lengre perioder med sterk kulde i luften ble det ikke målt lavere en minus 5 grader i kulturlagene i øvre del av profilveggen. Redoks-potensialet viste mellom 300 og 800mV som tilsier at oksygen er til stede kontinuerlig. Bevaringsforholden for kulturlagene trues av klimaendringer.

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Climate change is expected to alter average temperature and precipitation values and to increase the variability of precipitation events, which may lead to even more intense and frequent water hazards. Water hazards engineering is the branch of engineering concerned with the application of scientific and engineering principles for protection of human populations from the effects of water hazards; protection of environments, both local and global, from the potentially deleterious effects of water hazards; and improvement of environmental quality for mitigating the negative effects of water hazards. An integrated approach of water hazards engineering based on mapping, nature-based and technical solutions will constitute a feasible solution in the process of adapting to challenges generated by climate changes worldwide. This paper will debate this concept also providing some examples from several European countries.

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As the human population grows and its influence on the environment continually increases, sustainability is again on the policy agenda. At the same time there is increasing awareness of the need for more environmentally attuned landscape planning. Nevertheless, researchers have recognized that many research findings are not applied in real life management or practice. We argue that the lack of incorporating ecological knowledge into landscape planning is partly caused by a communication gap between ecologists and planners and designers. In this article we suggest one approach of how this communication gap could be minimized. We link landscape ecological concepts relevant for land use planning to a well-known planning and design concept, the Emerald Necklace. We argue that applying the Emerald Necklace concept in a planning process can have several possible positive contributions. First, it will necessitate thinking on a landscape scale, i.e., putting the focus not only on individual planning project areas, but also on the ways in which these are linked to the surrounding landscape. Further, it will help identify priority areas from an ecological perspective. Finally, it will emphasize the importance of heterogeneity of habitats and connectivity of the blue-green infrastructure during the planning process. In addition, and equally important, the concept provides abundant opportunities for creative design. We hope using the Emerald Necklace will contribute to improved dialogue and understanding between the professions involved in planning processes.

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Sammendrag

As the human population grows and its influence on the environment continually increases, sustainability is again on the policy agenda. At the same time there is increasing awareness of the need for more environmentally attuned landscape planning. Nevertheless, researchers have recognized that many research findings are not applied in real life management or practice. We argue that the lack of incorporating ecological knowledge into landscape planning is partly caused by a communication gap between ecologists and planners and designers. In this article we suggest one approach of how this communication gap could be minimized. We link landscape ecological concepts relevant for land use planning to a well-known planning and design concept, the Emerald Necklace. We argue that applying the Emerald Necklace concept in a planning process can have several possible positive contributions. First, it will necessitate thinking on a landscape scale, i.e., putting the focus not only on individual planning project areas, but also on the ways in which these are linked to the surrounding landscape. Further, it will help identify priority areas from an ecological perspective. Finally, it will emphasize the importance of heterogeneity of habitats and connectivity of the blue-green infrastructure during the planning process. In addition, and equally important, the concept provides abundant opportunities for creative design. We hope using the Emerald Necklace will contribute to improved dialogue and understanding between the professions involved in planning processes.