Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2023
Forfattere
Monica Ubalde-Lopez Mark Nieuwenhuijsen Giuseppina Spano Giovanni Sanesi Carlo Calfapietra Alice Meyer-Grandbastien Liz O’Brien Giovanna Ottaviani Aalmo Fabio Salbitano Jerylee Wilkes-Allemann Payam DadvandSammendrag
The mainstream public health community often treats the natural environment with ambivalence. On one side, there are infectious agents, extreme weather, and catastrophic events such as floods, landslides, wildfires, storms, and earthquakes that directly or indirectly sicken, injure, or kill people (Hartig et al. 2014). On the other hand, human health is positively connected with the characteristics and quality of nature near to where people live. This ambivalence becomes crucial in cities where the living environment has peculiar characteristics both for humans and other living organisms. Indeed, there are many ways in which the urban environment can affect human health, positively or negatively. BioCities develop as dynamic socio-ecological systems hosted by nature. Therefore, addressing the issue of health according to an integrated and holistic approach, which reduces the negative effects of the natural environment and optimises its positive aspects, is a primary pillar in the construction of BioCities.
Sammendrag
With a view to integration into the European Union, the efficiency and competitiveness of the Kosovo’ different sectors (including agriculture) must be improved. This paper assesses the technical efficiency (TE) of horticultural farms through Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) applying output orientation. It was founded that the TE of these farms is positively affected by their size, with large-size farms presenting overall higher technical efficiency. The research findings indicate that the degree of agricultural education does not have a significant impact on TE, whereas public assistance through subsidies and grants has a substantial and negative impact on TE, as confirmed by statistical analysis.
Forfattere
Hilde Margrethe HelgesenSammendrag
I denne artikkelen beskriver jeg hvordan beitelag planlegger, organiserer og utfører sine fellesoppgaver gjennom både formelle og uformelle avtaler. Datainnsamlingen baserer seg på kvalitative intervjuer med ledere for beitelag. Jeg er særlig opptatt av hvordan beitelagene kan ha betydning for sauebøndenes helse og livskvalitet. For å forstå og fortolke innholdet i samtalene bruker jeg teori om sosiale nettverk, sosial kapital, sosiale støttesystemer og setter dette inn i en folkehelsevitenskapelig ramme. Artikkelen ser særlig på hvordan hverdagsaktivitetene i beitelagene bidrar til å vedlikeholde de sosiale båndene mellom beitelagets medlemmer og heve beitebrukernes livskvalitet. Samtalene med beitelagene viser at beitelagene kan betraktes som sosiale nettverk hvor medlemmene gjennom felles gjøremål og formelle avtaler, bygger samhold, fellesskap og identitet. Beitelaget ser ut for å representere et sosialt støttesystem hvor det utveksles og byttes ulike former for hjelp og støtte, både sosialt, emosjonelt og instrumentelt.
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Helge BerglannSammendrag
This article considers the use of convex taxation as an instrument to regulate fisheries, comparing it with linear taxation with regards to economic yields and the risk of resource depletion. Convex taxation is shown to be central in studies with static models but has rarely been explored in the context of dynamic fisheries. Literature shows that a linear tax regime is superior to quantity regulation when the stock estimate is uncertain in terms of economic gains and its ability to prevent resource extinction. Furthermore, when cost uncertainty is involved, a strictly convex tax on landings can prove even more efficient. A numerical example with a single-species demersal fishery having both ecological and economic uncertainty demonstrates the gain in value of moving from a linear to a strictly convex tax.
Forfattere
Lampros LamprinakisSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Lampros LamprinakisSammendrag
Purpose The purpose of this article is to introduce identity economics in the individual and organizational level, and highlight its impact on organizational performance, especially when dealing with foundational issues such as sustainability. Design/methodology/approach Identity, sustainability, and the role of personal values in organizational performance are well researched topics that have been typically addressed on different literature streams. The article draws from this diverse literature to introduce identity effects in individual and organizational levels, and further explore how such elements link to the rising popularity of the sustainability discourse and how they can affect operations in an organization. Findings The article highlights the importance of identity effects on organizational operations and performance, especially when dealing with foundational issues such as sustainability perceptions. Originality/value The article builds upon the recent developments in the field of identity economics to introduce identity in the sustainability discourse and explore how (mis)alignment between identity values on sustainability and organizational culture can affect organizational operations and individual performance.
Forfattere
Lampros LamprinakisSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Lampros LamprinakisSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Habtamu AlemSammendrag
This study aims to estimate eco-efficiency scores and identify determinants of Norwegian dairy farms using a parametric approach that accounts for methane emissions. The study incorporates an environmental output measure and draws on 30 years of panel data from 692 specialist dairy farms (1991–2020). The findings indicate that Norwegian dairy farms are inefficient, with room for improvement in the dairy production system and the environment. According to the average eco-efficiency score, conventional dairy farms could cut input use and CH4 emissions by 5% while maintaining output. Furthermore, the study found that land tenure, experience, and government subsidies all positively impact eco-efficiency. Policymakers should encourage the best-performing dairy farms to share information on increasing productivity while considering environmental concerns to achieve better social and agricultural development. It should be noted that the study only looks at livestock methane emissions; future research may investigate other environmental factors.