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Publikasjoner

NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.

2024

Sammendrag

In Norway, grazing is a natural part of a sustainable use of rangeland, where coexistence with protected carnivores is a challenge. The twofold objective of Norwegian carnivore policy and management is that both grazing industries and predators must be considered and preserved at a sustainable level. This is pursued through area differentiation (i.e., zonation), with separate areas where predatory game and grazing animals respectively have priority. A consequence of this management regime is area challenges and marginal zone problems, which arise in the border areas between carnivore-priority and grazing-priority areas, where the occurrence of grazing animals and predators coincides. Especially in the border zone areas, there are therefore often conflicts between the two goals in large carnivore conservation policy and management. Commissioned by the Ministry of Agriculture and Food (LMD), the Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO) has examined how the area-differentiated management regime that Norway practices affects the loss of sheep and reindeer. This has been done by studying spatial-temporal and seasonal variation and development in carcass finds of sheep and reindeer both inside and outside the predatory priority areas and adjacent marginal zones in Norway.

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Sammendrag

Phylogenomic approaches have recently helped elucidate various insect relationships, but large-scale comprehensive analyses on relationships within sawflies and woodwasps are still lacking. Here, we infer the relationships and long-term biogeographic history of these hymenopteran groups using a large dataset of 354 UCE loci collected from 385 species that represent all major lineages. Early Hymenoptera started diversifying during the Early Triassic ∼249 Ma and spread all over the ancient supercontinent Pangaea. We recovered Xyeloidea as a monophyletic sister group to other Hymenoptera and Pamphilioidea as sister to Unicalcarida. Within the diverse family Tenthredinidae, our taxonomically and geographically expanded taxon sampling highlights the non-monophyly of several traditionally defined subfamilies. In addition, the recent removal of Athalia and related genera from the Tenthredinidae into the separate family Athaliidae is supported. The deep historical biogeography of the group is characterised by independent dispersals and re-colonisations between the northern (Laurasia) and southern (Gondwana) palaeocontinents. The breakup of these landmasses led to ancient vicariance in several Gondwanan lineages, while interchange across the Northern Hemisphere has continued until the Recent. The little-studied African sawfly fauna is likewise a diverse mixture of groups with varying routes of colonization. Our results reveal interesting parallels in the evolution and biogeography of early hymenopterans and other ancient insect groups.