Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2008
Sammendrag
Increasing levels of Fusarium toxins, particularly deoxynivalenol (DON), T-2 /HT-2 and moniliformin, have been recorded in Norwegian cereals during the last few years. Previously F. avenaceum, F. culmorum, F. poae and F. tricinctum were the most common Fusarium species found on cereals in Norway. However, more recently F. graminearum has occurred more frequently, and the T-2/HT-2 toxin producing species F. langsethiae has also been detected, especially in oats. Investigations were made to clarify if there has been a change in the composition of Fusarium species. We are aiming to establish a three-step screening system in order to identify grain lots with high levels of Fusarium toxins: 1- Identify `high-risk" fields/lots, based on information on cultivation practice and climatic conditions, through the use of a FHB-prediction model. 2- Analyze the `high-risk" lots using a rapid test selected for its capacity to detect Fusarium toxins in a large number of grain samples at low cost. 3- Forward selected samples (based on analyses in step 2) for chemical mycotoxin analyses. Since 2004, we have run chemical mycotoxin analyses on grain samples from oat and spring wheat grown in Norway under different climatic conditions. Prediction models will be developed to estimate the risk of Fusarium infection and mycotoxin development in cereal fields, based on data for weather and cultivation practices. Preliminary results from using the prediction models will be presented.
Forfattere
Guro Brodal Oleif Nilsen Elen Ingerd Skow Hofgaard Heidi Udnes Aamot Erik Lysøe Sonja KlemsdalSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Guro Brodal Oleif Nilsen Elen Ingerd Skow Hofgaard Heidi Udnes Aamot Erik Lysøe Sonja KlemsdalSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Sammendrag
To typer melkeerstatning til lam ble sammenlignet for tilvekst, trivsel og helse. Det ble konkludert med at den ene type melkeerstatning ikke kan anbefales til brukere.
Sammendrag
From 2002 to 2007, the number of organic farms in Norway has increased slightly, from 2303 to 2611. The area of organically certified and in conversion farmland has increased much more, from 32,499 to 49,563 ha. Hence, the average size of organic farms has increased considerably, from 19.7 to 25.5 ha agricultural area per farm. This is 20 % above the Norwegian average farm size. As parallel production is permitted, many farms have both organic and conventional production. The average organically managed agricultural area has increased from 11 to 15.4 ha per farm, and the number of milking cows on organic dairy farms from 15 to 20. Many small farms have opted out of certified organic agriculture, whereas farmers with more land are converting to organic. While most of the public financial support in Norwegian agriculture is differentiated in relation to farm size and region, support for organic agriculture is little differentiated. This encourages the conversion of larger operations. However, the diversity of the organic sector is reduced when smaller farms do not convert or opt out, and it should be considered how organic farming can be an interesting option for farmers independent of farm size.
Forfattere
Ingerd Skow HofgaardSammendrag
The last few years, increasing levels of DON (deoxynivalenol) have been recorded in Norwegian cereals, particularly in oats. In the same period, increased occurrence of F. graminearum has been reported in Norway as well as in the Western part of Europe. There may be several reasons for this change: Climate change, altered distribution of cereal cultivars, pathogen adaptation to cooler regions etc. We aim to clarify whether the increasing occurrence of F. graminearum in Norwegian cereals is connected to a change in the distribution of genotypes of this species.
Forfattere
Tor J. JohansenSammendrag
Se Bioforsk Fokus 3 (1): 11-12
Forfattere
Bent J. Nielsen Jens Grønbech Hansen Hans Pinnschmidt Ragnhild Nærstad Arne Hermansen Vinh Hong Le Asko HannukkalaSammendrag
The existing potato late blight forecast and decision support systems used in the Nordic countries are based on data from the 1930s and the 1950-60s on how temperature and humidity influence Phytophthora infestans epidemiology. Influence of weather conditions on sporangium production, release, viability and infection of P. infestans was investigated in Denmark, Norway and Finland using Burkard spore traps and exposure of trap plants in field plots in 2005-2007. Large amounts of sporangia were trapped after nights with long periods with high humidity. Sporangia produced in one humidity period were mainly released at the first humidity drop in the morning hours, but there were also some periods with delayed sporangium release. Local new infections occurred mainly during the morning hours when leaves were still wet. On many days sporangia did not survive until the afternoon and the results indicate that conditions for survival of sporangia and infection are major bottlenecks for the spread and development of the disease. These results have important implications for practice. Survival of sporangia and infection must be better integrated into the calculation of "risky days" in late blight forecasting systems.
Forfattere
Ragnhild Nærstad Arne Hermansen Vinh Hong Le Bent J. Nielsen Jens Grønbech Hansen Hans Pinnschmidt Asko HannukkalaSammendrag
The existing potato late blight forecast and decision support systems used in the Nordic countries are based on data from the 1930s and the 1950-60s on how temperature and humidity influence Phytophthora infestans epidemiology. Influence of weather conditions on sporangium production, release, viability and infection of P. infestans was investigated in Denmark, Norway and Finland using Burkard spore traps and exposure of trap plants in field plots in 2005-2007. Large amounts of sporangia were trapped after nights with long periods with high humidity. Sporangia produced in one humidity period were mainly released at the first humidity drop in the morning hours, but there were also some periods with delayed sporangium release. Local new infections occurred mainly during the morning hours when leaves were still wet. On many days sporangia did not survive until the afternoon and the results indicate that conditions for survival of sporangia and infection are major bottlenecks for the spread and development of the disease. These results have important implications for practice. Survival of sporangia and infection must be better integrated into the calculation of "risky days" in late blight forecasting systems.
Forfattere
Ola WågbøSammendrag
I forbindelse med revisjon av holdforskriften for svin, vurderte Mattilsynet å innskrenke adgangen til å fiksere ungpurker og purker før og etter grising. Dette var i tråd med føringer i stortingsmelding nr. 12 (2002-2003). Mattilsynet ga NILF i oppdrag å vurdere de økonomiske konsekvensene for smågrisprodusentene av en forskriftsendring. Dette notatet representerer offentliggjøring av arbeidet som ble utført og oversendt Mattilsynet sist vinter.