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Publikasjoner

NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.

2011

Sammendrag

Formålet med dette notatet er å gje ei oversikt over utvikling i inntekt, investering og sparing i jordbrukshushald. • Kor mykje er investert i jordbruk og andre eigedelar, og korleis har dette endra seg over tid? • Kor stor del av den årlege nettoinntekta har vorte spart og korleis har dette endra seg over tid? • Korleis har investeringane vore finansierte og korleis har dette endra seg over tid? • Kor mykje er betalt i gjeldsrenter i dei enkelte åra, og korleis har dette endra seg over tid?

Sammendrag

For tracer studies at the catchment scale, travel times are often assumed to be stationary. We question the validity of this assumption. We analyzed a series of tracer experiments conducted under exceptionally controlled conditions at Gårdsjön, Sweden. The Gårdsjön G1 catchment was covered by a roof underneath which natural throughfall has been replaced by artificial irrigation with a pre-defined chemical composition. This unique setup was used to perform replicated catchment scale Br tracer experiments under steady state storm flow conditions in five different years. A log-normal distribution function was fitted to all Br breakthrough curves. Fitted parameter values differed significantly for some of the experiments. These differences were not only related to the slightly different hydrologic boundary and initial conditions for the experiments, but also to seasonal changes in catchment properties that may explain the different flow paths during the experiments. We conclude that the travel time distribution is not only linked to discharge but also explicitly related to other water fluxes such as evapotranspiration, and that it is not stationary even under steady-state flow conditions. Since the attenuation of soluble pollutants is fundamentally linked to the travel times of water through the subsurface of a catchment, it is of crucial importance to understand the latter in detail. However, it is still unclear which are the dominant processes controlling their distribution.

Sammendrag

The emergence and development of organizations of private forest owners in situations where they were not previously collectively organized is a relevant institutional innovation in forestry. This chapter looks at the factors that may have contributed to this institutional change in the following countries: Austria, Bulgaria, Croatia, Finland, Lithuania, Norway, Portugal, Romania, Serbia and Slovakia. The conceptual framework used to present and discuss these country cases considers the following types of factors: (i) the structural changes in the social and economic environment of private forestry when forest owners\" organizations emerged, and the needs for collective action of private forest owners triggered by those changes; (ii) the factors contributing to cope with the \"free riding\" problems involved in collective action; (iii) the mechanisms leveraging the capacities of forest owners\" associations beyond the initial domain where they emerged and contributing to give them the \"critical mass\" needed for having substantial impact on forestry economic conditions; and (iv) the possible existence of \"path dependence\" phenomena, where the conditions prevailing when forest owners\" organizations emerged have a lasting influence throughout their lifetime. With different specifications according to the characteristics of each country, these four sets of factors appear to be useful as a common framework for organizing the explanation of how forest owners\" associations emerged and developed in the countries considered here.

Sammendrag

•IPM definisjon •Historisk bakteppe •Plantevern og politikk •EU-direktivet •Konsekvenser for den enkelte forvalter –Sikker diagnose, overvåking, skadeterskler –Godt plantemateriale –Biologiske metoder –Mekaniske metoder –Kjemiske metoder 

Sammendrag

•IPM definisjon •Historisk bakteppe •Plantevern og politikk •EU-direktivet •Konsekvenser for den enkelte forvalter –Sikker diagnose, overvåking, skadeterskler –Godt plantemateriale –Biologiske metoder –Mekaniske metoder –Kjemiske metoder

Sammendrag

En oversikt over historien til integrert plantevern i Norge. OM LMDs siste handlingsplan for redusert risiko ved bruk av plantevernmidler og målene for integrert plantevern. Om integrert plantevern i EUs direktiv om plantevernmidler fra 2009.

Sammendrag

Integrert bekjempelse defineres som en helhetlig plantevernstrategi som omfatter alle metoder som er tilgjengelige for å bekjempe skadegjørere på planter. Artikkelen lister opp de åtte prinsippene for IPM hentet fra Videncenteret for Landbruk (DK) og diverse tiltak innen integret plantevern. Les mer!