Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2019
Forfattere
Katherine Ann Gredvig Nielsen Arne Stensvand May Bente Brurberg Gunn Mari Strømeng Magne Nordang Skårn Jørn Haslestad Rune VereideSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Klaus Ringsborg Westphal Katrine Amalie Hamborg Nielsen Rasmus Dam Wollenberg Mathias Bonde Møllehøj Simone Bachleitner Lena Studt Erik Lysøe Henriette Giese Reinhard Wimmer Jens Laurids Sørensen Teis Esben SondergaardSammendrag
Fungal non-ribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS) clusters are spread across the chromosomes, where several modifying enzyme-encoding genes typically flank one NRPS. However, a recent study showed that the octapeptide fusaoctaxin A is tandemly synthesized by two NRPSs in Fusarium graminearum. Here, we illuminate parts of the biosynthetic route of fusaoctaxin A, which is cleaved into the tripeptide fusatrixin A and the pentapeptide fusapentaxin A during transport by a cluster-specific ABC transporter with peptidase activity. Further, we deleted the histone H3K27 methyltransferase kmt6, which induced the production of fusaoctaxin A.
Forfattere
Heidi Udnes AamotSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Sammendrag
With climate change, the effect of global warming on snow cover is expected to cause range expansion and enhance habitat suitability for species at their northern distribution limits. However, how this depends on landscape topography and sex in size-dimorphic species remains uncertain, and is further complicated for migratory animals following climate-driven seasonal resource fluctuations across vast landscapes. Using 11 years of data from a partially migratory ungulate at their northern distribution ranges, the red deer (Cervus elaphus), we predicted sex-specific summer and winter habitat suitability in diverse landscapes under medium and severe global warming. We found large increases in future winter habitat suitability, resulting in expansion of winter ranges as currently unsuitable habitat became suitable. Even moderate warming decreased snow cover substantially, with no suitability difference between warming scenarios. Winter ranges will hence not expand linearly with warming, even for species at their northern distribution limits. Although less pronounced than in winter, summer ranges also expanded and more so under severe warming. Summer habitat suitability was positively correlated with landscape topography and ranges expanded more for females than males. Our study highlights the complexity of predicting future habitat suitability for conservation and management of size-dimorphic, migratory species under global warming.
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Sammendrag
På fjället och i skogarna i Sverige och Norge betar fortfarande kor och getter med skällor som pinglar. De är inte så många som de en gång var under fäbodbrukets glansdagar, men de finns fortfarande. I de norska fjällen betar dessutom ett stort antal får. Betesdriften utgör en viktig del av vårt folkliga kulturarv. Fäbodbrukets och utmarkens djur påverkar vegetationen på skogen och fjället och skapar därmed livsmiljöer för en mängd andra organismer. Fäbodlandskapet är fullt av spår från människans äldre bruk av naturresurserna. Kulturarv i form av byggnader och fasta fornlämningar, men också i form av biologiska kulturarv. När djuren betar bort gräs och buskar så kan exempelvis olika konkurrenssvaga blommor ta plats, såsom kattfot, orkidéer och gentianor, men också olika färgglada ängssvampar. Organismer vars närvaro i landskapet utgör ett bevis för vår hävdhistoria i fäbodlandskapet. Traditionell ekologisk kunskap, platsnamn, växtanvändning och historier knutna till fäbodbruket utgör dessutom en del av vårt immateriella kulturarv. Inom fäbodbruket används fortfarande kulning, näverlur och vallhorn i vardagen...
Forfattere
Anders Aune Liv ØstremSammendrag
Forlenget vekstsesong gir mulighet for flere slåtter. Kan dette, kombinert med andre arter i frøblandingene, gi mer å hente i form av kvalitetsfôr? Større husdyrproduksjon basert på større andel lokalt grovfôr? Ja.
Forfattere
Lars T. HavstadSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Hanno Sandvik Olga Hilmo Anders Gravbrøt Finstad Hanne Hegre Toril Loennechen Moen Trond Rafoss Olav Skarpaas Reidar Elven Helge Sandmark Lisbeth GederaasSammendrag
The Generic Ecological Impact Assessment of Alien Species (GEIAA) is described. It comprises a set of criteria and an assessment procedure. The set of criteria consists of three criteria that quantify invasion potential, and six criteria that capture the ecological effects of alien species. The threshold values for all criteria are numerically defined, rendering the set of criteria fully quantitative. Genericity is ensured by using criteria that are applicable to all taxonomic groups and in all habitats. In being generic, quantitative, ecological and normatively neutral, the criteria were inspired by the international Red List criteria. Capturing both invasion potential and effect, GEIAA can be regarded as a full ecological impact assessment. The assessment procedure contains guidelines on documentation, the collection of background information, the handling of uncertainty, and quality assurance. GEIAA represents the second revision, and thus the third generation, of assessment methodology in Norway. It has recently been used to carry out more than 2500 impact assessments of alien species in Norway and Sweden.
Forfattere
Cornelya Klutsch Simo Maduna Natalia Polikarpova Kristin Forfang Paul Eric Aspholm Tommi Nyman Hans Geir Eiken Per-Arne Amundsen Snorre HagenSammendrag
Habitat discontinuity, anthropogenic disturbance, and overharvesting have led to population fragmentation and decline worldwide. Preservation of remaining natural genetic diversity is crucial to avoid continued genetic erosion. Brown trout (Salmo trutta L.) is an ideal model species for studying anthropogenic influences on genetic integrity, as it has experienced significant genetic alterations throughout its natural distribution range due to habitat fragmentation, overexploitation, translocations, and stocking. The Pasvik River is a subarctic riverine system shared between Norway, Russia, and Finland, subdivided by seven hydroelectric power dams that destroyed about 70% of natural spawning and nursing areas. Stocking is applied in certain river parts to support the natural brown trout population. Adjacent river segments with different management strategies (stocked vs. not stocked) facilitated the simultaneous assessment of genetic impacts of dams and stocking based on analyses of 16 short tandem repeat loci. Dams were expected to increase genetic differentiation between and reduce genetic diversity within river sections. Contrastingly, stocking was predicted to promote genetic homogenization and diversity, but also potentially lead to loss of private alleles and to genetic erosion. Our results showed comparatively low heterozygosity and clear genetic differentiation between adjacent sections in nonstocked river parts, indicating that dams prevent migration and contribute to genetic isolation and loss of genetic diversity. Furthermore, genetic differentiation was low and heterozygosity relatively high across stocked sections. However, in stocked river sections, we found signatures of recent bottlenecks and reductions in private alleles, indicating that only a subset of individuals contributes to reproduction, potentially leading to divergence away from the natural genetic state. Taken together, these results indicate that stocking counteracts the negative fragmentation effects of dams, but also that stocking practices should be planned carefully in order to ensure long‐term preservation of natural genetic diversity and integrity in brown trout and other species in regulated river systems.