Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2019
Forfattere
Paul Eric Aspholm Victoria Gonzalez Julia Schregel Siv Grethe Aarnes Cornelya Klutsch Anne WikanSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Cornelya KlutschSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Sammendrag
A complete diallel cross was made among nine Betula pendula trees growing in a natural population and a trial was planted on agricultural soil at one site. This exceptional trial has provided estimates of genetic parameters that can only be estimated in complete diallels. Traits measured were height and diameter during a period of 37 years, and assessments were made of bud burst, leaf abscission and rust infection at the early ages. All traits showed genetic variation and the variance components of general combining ability (GCA) effects were dominating, with heritability estimates of 0.16 and 0.23 for height and diameter at age six years. The best-growing families could be identified at that age. At age 37 years, when the trial had been thinned twice, the offspring from the highest and lowest ranked parent for growth contributed with 19% and 6% of the total volume of the stand, respectively. The GCA effects were also highly significant for the assessment traits, but with an interaction with year for bud burst. High values of estimates of genetic correlations proved that bud burst, leaf abscission and rust infection are interrelated, and also to some extent with growth traits. Families with an early bud burst were tallest, were less affected by the rust fungus and kept their leaves later in the autumn.
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Lindsay K Newbold Alex Robinson Ilze Rasnaca Elma Lahive Gweon H Soon Emmanuel Lapied Deborah H Oughton Sergey Gashchak Nicholas A. Beresford David J. SpurgeonSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Arne N. Linløkken Ruben Alexander Pettersen Else Berit Stenseth Wenche Johansen Kirsten Frydenlund Robert C. WilsonSammendrag
Sammendrag Det ble samlet inn vevsprøver fra settefisk i Hunderfossen settefiskanlegg og fra settefisk (fettfinneklippet) gjenfanget i Vorma og fra villfisk fanget i Vorma. Det ble analysert på åtte mikrosatellitter i prøver fra til sammen 93 ørret. All settefisk var fra Hunderfossen, avlet av ville foreldre av Hunder/Lågen stammen. Generelt var den genetiske variasjonen høy med allelantall pr. locus (mikrosatellitt) varierende fra 5,75 til 9,50, og observert heterozygositet (HO) varierte fra 0,772 til 0,825, og observert heterozygositet var høyere enn forventet heterozygositet (HE = 0,694-0,780) i alle grupper. Resultatene tydet på at det er en egen ørretstamme i Vorma, og som sannsynligvis gyter i området nedenfor Svanfossen. Alder og lengde blant villfisken som ble analysert, viste betydelig variasjon i vekst, og det kan være flere subpopulasjoner representert i materialet. Noen har rask «innsjøvekst» som er vanlig i Mjøsa, og som også gjenfanget settefisk viste, mens andre hadde et annet vekstmønster. Det var for eksempel en vill ørret på åtte år som var 325 mm og en som var åtte år og 645 mm lang. Blant fem år gamle og eldre settefisk, var alle ≥ 400 mm. De genetiske analysene viste at villfisken skilte seg noe fra gjenfanget settefisk, og hadde for eksempel hele 15 private alleler. Settefisken fra fiskeanlegget skilte seg fra de andre gruppene, og hadde lavest genetisk variasjon, noe som kunne forventes ettersom den var av bare en årsklasse, basert på et begrenset antall foreldre. De gjenfangede settefiskene representerte til sammen seks årsklasser, som til sammen gav en genetisk variasjon litt mindre enn det som ble funnet for villfisk gruppa som bestod av åtte årsklasser. Beregnet effektiv populasjonsstørrelse var 12,5 til 495 fisk, og den var lavest blant settefisk fra fiskeanlegget. Det er naturlig ettersom fisken det ble tatt prøver av i anlegget var av samme alder/årsklasse, mens de andre gruppene bestod av seks til åtte aldersgrupper/årsklasser. Effektiv populasjonsstørrelse var størst i gruppen gjenfanget settefisk.
Forfattere
Anja Karine Ruud Jon Arne Dieseth Andrea Ficke Eiko Furuki Huyen T. T. Phan Richard P. Oliver Kar-Chun Tan Morten LillemoSammendrag
Parastagonospora nodorum is the causal agent of Septoria nodorum leaf blotch (SNB) in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). It is the most important leaf blotch pathogen in Norwegian spring wheat. Several quantitative trait loci (QTL) for SNB susceptibility have been identified. Some of these QTL are the result of underlying gene-for-gene interactions involving necrotrophic effectors (NEs) and corresponding sensitivity (Snn) genes. A collection of diverse spring wheat lines was evaluated for SNB resistance and susceptibility over seven growing seasons in the field. In addition, wheat seedlings were inoculated and infiltrated with culture filtrates (CFs) from four single spore isolates and infiltrated with semipurified NEs (SnToxA, SnTox1, and SnTox3) under greenhouse conditions. In adult plants, the most stable SNB resistance QTL were located on chromosomes 2B, 2D, 4A, 4B, 5A, 6B, 7A, and 7B. The QTL on chromosome 2D was effective most years in the field. At the seedling stage, the most significant QTL after inoculation were located on chromosomes 1A, 1B, 3A, 4B, 5B, 6B, 7A, and 7B. The QTL on chromosomes 3A and 6B were significant both after inoculation and CF infiltration, indicating the presence of novel NE–Snn interactions. The QTL on chromosomes 4B and 7A were significant in both seedlings and adult plants. Correlations between SnToxA sensitivity and disease severity in the field were significant. To our knowledge, this is the first genome-wide association mapping study (GWAS) to investigate SNB resistance at the adult plant stage under field conditions.
Forfattere
Hubert Dirven Jan Ludvig Lyche Marit Låg Asbjørn Magne Nilsen Katrine Borgå Ole Martin Eklo Merete Grung Line Emilie Sverdrup Torsten KällqvistSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Sammendrag
The regulation and labeling scheme for PDO, PGI and TSG was set up in Norway in 2002, modeled on corresponding systems for geographical indications (GIs) in the European Union. The implementation of GI in Norway was demanding, causing administrators, producers, consultants and others to make a significant and all-round effort to adapt the scheme to the Norwegian food culture and the Norwegian food culture to the scheme. This chapter probes the theme of this mutual adaptation work and its consequences. Norway makes up the food-cultural context in this study, whereas Tørrfisk fra Lofoten (Stockfish from Lofoten (SfL)) is used as a specific case of a GI product. SfL was selected as unit for analysis mainly because it is also registered as a third-country GI product in the European Union. Including the Norway/EU dimension makes it possible to consider not only the local and national levels but also the multilevel dimension and complexity of GI systems as part of the analysis – making the power within, and the consequences of, the adaptation work even more complex and intriguing. The analysis is based on diverse forms of empirical material, such as document studies of laws, policy documents, other documents and interviews with people responsible for working out product regulations in producer organizations. Interviews have also been conducted with key informants representing public administrative bodies administering the regulation. The analysis is not dedicated to any specific methodological or theoretical tools but takes inspiration from an adapted set of perspectives to describe and understand the cultural adaptation work of GI schemes and products. The conclusion is that the evolution of GI in Norway, with SfL as the case study, can be understood as a chain of adaptations and adaptive practices necessary to unite the dynamic that occurs in modern global regulations’ ordering of the cultural status of traditional local products. The consequences of this food-cultural adaptation work give voice to and empower local actors and subordinate groups, but they can also be seen as instruments that hamper democratic forms of development.