Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2022
Forfattere
Jan BjerketvedtSammendrag
Hovedmålet er å evaluere en ny, forenklet metode for Groundeco/EcoX-behandling av skogsbilveier for å øke bæreevnen i eksisterende masser. Delmålene er å undersøke effekten av behandlingen på bæreevne, kostnader knyttet til tiltaket og å sammenligne dette med eksisterende praksis. Groundeco/EcoX er en kjemisk væske som tynnes ut med vann før påsprøyting på veien. Den direkte effekten er at vannets binding til kolloidene (små partikler) brytes og det går fra å være bundet til å bli fritt vann som kan transporteres bort. Den sekundære effekten er at bæreevnen øker når vannet blir borte. Det er viktig å sette i stand grøfter og stikkrenner før behandlingen. Den forenklede metoden benytter f.eks. en traktor med skålharv for å løse opp veioverflaten. Deretter sprøytes Groundeco/EcoX-løsningen på veimassene og blandes igjen med skålharven i to omganger, før høvling og kompaktering. I mai 2019 ble det utført målinger med platebelastning og lettvektsfallodd, samt oppgraving og grusprøver på 6 punkter langs Skallbergveien hos Løiten Almenning. Veiene ble behandlet med Groundeco/EcoX i juni 2019. Dette ble fulgt opp med platebelastningsprøver i oktober 2019 og august 2020. Etter en avbrutt måling med SVVs fallodd på grunn av regn i juni 2020, ble den endelige målingen gjennomført i oktober 2020. For alle 6 punkter var det positiv utvikling i bæreevne fra før-målingen i mai-19 til okt-19, og med ett unntak en ytterligere økning fra okt-19 til aug-20. Måleresultatene fra SVVs fallodd ga en SVV-klassifisering (laveste kumulative 10%-verdi) på 7,0 tonn og en gjennomsnittsverdi på 10,2 tonn. Det må understrekes at målingene ble gjort «i perioder med spesielt mye nedbør», noe som for veiklasse 3 betyr 10 tonn aksellast «med begrensninger». Til en kostnad av 372 kr/meter har Løiten Almenning og Groundeco/EcoX-behandlingen forandret veien fra «en av dårligste vi har» til en vei med gjennomsnittlig 10 tonns bæreevne under ugunstige nedbørsforhold.
Sammendrag
Seed production is an important element of weed population dynamics, and weed persistence relies upon the soil seed bank. In 2017 and 2018, we studied the relationship between the aboveground dry biomass of common weed species and their seed production. Weeds were selected randomly in the fields, and we surrounded the plants with a porous net to collect shed seeds during the growth season. Just before crop harvest, weeds were harvested, the plants’ dry weights were measured, and the number of seeds retained on the weeds was counted. A linear relationship between the biomass and the number of seeds produced was estimated. This relationship was not affected by year for Avena spica-venti, Chenopodium album, Galium aparine, or Persicaria maculosa. Therefore, the data of the two seasons were pooled and analysed together. For Alopecurus myosuroides, Anagallis arvensis, Capsella bursa-pastoris, Geranium molle, Polygonum aviculare, Silene noctiflora, Sonchus arvensis, Veronica persica, and Viola arvensis, the relationship varied significantly between the years. In 2017, the growing season was cold and wet, and the slope of the regression lines was less steep than in the dry season in 2018 for most species. Capsella bursa-pastoris was the most prolific seed producer with the steepest slope.
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Anne Falk ØgaardSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Ingunn ØvsthusSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Anita SønstebySammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Krzysztof KusnierekSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Michel Mench Shahlla Matin Wieslaw Szulc Beata Rutkowska Tomas Persson Arne Sæbø Aritz Burges Nadège OustriereSammendrag
The INTENSE project, supported by the EU Era-Net Facce Surplus, aimed at increasing crop production on marginal land, including those with contaminated soils. A field trial was set up at a former wood preservation site to phytomanage a Cu/PAH-contaminated sandy soil. The novelty was to assess the influence of five organic amendments differing in their composition and production process, i.e. solid fractions before and after biodigestion of pig manure, compost and compost pellets (produced from spent mushroom substrate, biogas digestate and straw), and greenwaste compost, on Cu availability, soil properties, nutrient supply, and plant growth. Organic amendments were incorporated into the soil at 2.3% and 5% soil w/w. Total soil Cu varied from 179 to 1520 mg kg−1, and 1 M NH4NO3-extractable soil Cu ranged from 4.7 to 104 mg kg−1 across the 25 plots. Spring barley (Hordeum vulgare cv. Ella) was cultivated in plots. Changes in physico-chemical soil properties, shoot DW yield, shoot ionome, and shoot Cu uptake depending on extractable soil Cu and the soil treatments are reported. Shoot Cu concentration varied from 45 ± 24 to 140 ± 193 mg kg DW−1 and generally increased with extractable soil Cu. Shoot DW yield, shoot Cu concentration, and shoot Cu uptake of barley plants did not significantly differ across the soil treatments in year 1. Based on soil and plant parameters, the effects of the compost and pig manure treatments were globally discriminated from those of the untreated, greenwaste compost and digested pig manure treatments. Compost and its pellets at the 5% addition rate promoted soil functions related to primary production, water purification, and soil fertility, and the soil quality index.
Forfattere
Ali Hosseini Hans-Christian Teien Till Seehusen Merete Myromslien Marit Nandrup Pettersen Justin Brown Brit Salbu Deborah Helen OughtonSammendrag
A series of 131I tracer experiments have been conducted at two research stations in Norway, one coastal and one inland to study radioiodine transfer and dynamics in boreal, agricultural ecosystems. The hypothesis tested was that site specific and climatological factors, along with growth stage, would influence foliar uptake of 131I by grass and its subsequent loss. Results showed that the interception fraction varied widely, ranging from 0.007 to 0.83 over all experiments, and showing a strong positive correlation with biomass and stage of growth. The experimental results were compared to various models currently used to predict interception fractions and weathering loss. Results provided by interception models varied in the range of 0.5–2 times of the observed values. Regarding weathering loss, it was demonstrated that double exponential models provided a better fit with the experimental results than single exponential models. Normalising the data activity per unit area to remove bio-dilution effects, and assuming a constant single loss rate gave weathering half-times of 22.8 ± 38.3 and 10.2 ± 8.2 days for the inland and coastal site, respectively. Whilst stable iodine concentrations in grass and soil were significantly higher (by approximately a factor of 5 and 7 times for grass and soil respectively) at the coastal compared to the inland site, it was not possible to deconvolute the influence of this factor on the temporal behaviour of 131I. Nonetheless, stable iodine data allowed us to establish an upper bound on the soil to plant transfer of radioiodine via root uptake and to establish that the pathway was of minor importance in defining 131I activity concentrations in grass compared to direct contamination via interception. Climatological factors (precipitation, wind-speed and temperature) appeared to affect the dynamics of 131I in the system, however the decomposition of these collective influences into specific contributions from each factor remains unresolved and requires further study. The newly acquired data on the interception and weathering of radioiodine in boreal, agricultural ecosystems and the reparametrized models developed from this, substantially improve the toolbox available for Norwegian emergency preparedness in the event of a nuclear accident.