Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2024
Forfattere
Venche Talgø Thomas Jungi Ivan Milenković Tamara Corcobado Martin Pettersson May Bente BrurbergSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Sammendrag
Lys ringråte, forårsaket av bakterien Clavibacter sepedonicus (Cms, tidligere Clavibacter michiganensis subspecies sepedonicus), er en farlig bakteriesjukdom på potet. Kraftige angrep kan gi betydelig avlingsreduksjon. Lys ringråte har vært offisielt kjent i Norge siden 1964. I de fire siste årene (perioden 2019-2022) ble lys ringråte påvist i fire av 1383 analyserte prøver (ca. 0,3 %) som hovedsakelig representerte mat- og industripotet men også 50 settepotetpartier i 2019. Tiltak er iverksatt for å utrydde infeksjonen ved funn. Mørk ringråte er en karantenesykdom på potet og angriper også andre planter i søtvierfamilien. Den er forårsaket av bakterien Ralstonia solanacearum. Angrep av mørk ringråte fører til at potetplantens ledningsvev blir ødelagt og tilstoppet slik at riset visner, og senere blir det en brunfarget, ringformet råte i knollene. Skadegjøreren har ikke blitt påvist i Norge. Det er hvert år betydelig import av mat- og industripotet til Norge fra land hvor sykdommen forekommer. Det ble i 2023 mottatt 291 potetprøver for testing. Det ble ikke påvist hverken lys eller mørk ringråte i noen av prøvene. Resultatene fra 2023 viser at status for lys ringråte i Norge iht. ISPM 8 er å anse som: present, not widely distributed and under official control. Resultatene fra 2023 viser at status for mørk ringråte i Norge iht. ISPM 8 er å anse som: absent, pest not recorded.
Sammendrag
Planter er levested for mange mikroorganismer. Fytoplasmaer er små bakterier som mangler cellevegg, og de kan dermed ikke leve utenfor en plante eller en insektvektor. Mer enn hundre fytoplasma-arter er kjent, hvorav seks er påvist i Norge. De tre mest kjente her til lands fører til heksekost på eple, dvergsjuke i bringebær og pærevisnesjuke.
Forfattere
Jorunn Børve Venche Talgø Juliana Perminow Andrea Podavkova lisa haugland Arne Stensvand May Bente Brurberg Rune Vereide Gaute MyrenSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Jorunn Børve Venche Talgø Juliana Perminow Andrea Podavkova Lisa Karine Haugland Arne Stensvand May Bente Brurberg Rune Vereide Gaute Myren Endre Bjotveit Stine Huseby Line Beate LersveenSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
2023
Forfattere
Eline Seim Varna Thangavel Arti Rai Magne Nordang Skårn May Bente Brurberg Tage ThorstensenSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Marcos Viejo Torstein Tengs Igor A. Yakovlev Hugh Cross Paal Krokene Jorunn Elisabeth Olsen Carl Gunnar FossdalSammendrag
An epigenetic memory of the temperature sum experienced during embryogenesis is part of the climatic adaptation strategy of the long-lived gymnosperm Norway spruce. This memory has a lasting effect on the timing of bud phenology and frost tolerance in the resulting epitype trees. The epigenetic memory is well characterized phenotypically and at the transcriptome level, but to what extent DNA methylation changes are involved have not previously been determined. To address this, we analyzed somatic epitype embryos of Norway spruce clones produced at contrasting epitype-inducing conditions (18 and 28°C). We screened for differential DNA methylation in 2744 genes related mainly to the epigenetic machinery, circadian clock, and phenology. Of these genes, 68% displayed differential DNA methylation patterns between contrasting epitype embryos in at least one methylation context (CpG, CHG, CHH). Several genes related to the epigenetic machinery (e.g., DNA methyltransferases, ARGONAUTE) and the control of bud phenology (FTL genes) were differentially methylated. This indicates that the epitype-inducing temperature conditions induce an epigenetic memory involving specific DNA methylation changes in Norway spruce.
Forfattere
Yupeng Zhang Marcos Viejo Igor A. Yakovlev Torstein Tengs Paal Krokene Timo Hytönen Paul Grini Carl Gunnar FossdalSammendrag
A major challenge for plants in a rapidly changing climate is to adapt to rising temperatures. Some plants adapt to temperature conditions by generating an epigenetic memory that can be transmitted both meiotically and mitotically. Such epigenetic memories may increase phenotypic variation to global warming and provide time for adaptation to occur through classical genetic selection. The goal of this study was to understand how warmer temperature conditions experienced during sexual and asexual reproduction affect the transcriptomes of different strawberry (Fragaria vesca) ecotypes. We let four European F. vesca ecotypes reproduce at two contrasting temperatures (18 and 28°C), either asexually through stolon formation for several generations, or sexually by seeds (achenes). We then analyzed the transcriptome of unfolding leaves, with emphasis on differential expression of genes belonging to the epigenetic machinery. For asexually reproduced plants we found a general transcriptomic response to temperature conditions but for sexually reproduced plants we found less significant responses. We predicted several splicing isoforms for important genes (e.g. a SOC1, LHY, and SVP homolog), and found significantly more differentially presented splicing event variants following asexual vs. sexual reproduction. This difference could be due to the stochastic character of recombination during meiosis or to differential creation or erasure of epigenetic marks during embryogenesis and seed development. Strikingly, very few differentially expressed genes were shared between ecotypes, perhaps because ecotypes differ greatly both genetically and epigenetically. Genes related to the epigenetic machinery were predominantly upregulated at 28°C during asexual reproduction but downregulated after sexual reproduction, indicating that temperature-induced change affects the epigenetic machinery differently during the two types of reproduction.
Forfattere
Jorunn Elisabeth Olsen Marcos Viejo Torstein Tengs Igor A. Yakovlev Hugh Cross Paal Krokene Carl Gunnar FossdalSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Yupeng Zhang Guangxun Fan Tuomas Toivainen Torstein Tengs Igor A. Yakovlev Paal Krokene Timo Hytönen Carl Gunnar Fossdal Paul GriniSammendrag
Plants must adapt with increasing speed to global warming to maintain their fitness. One rapid adaptation mechanism is epigenetic memory, which may provide organisms sufficient time to adapt to climate change. We studied how the perennial Fragaria vesca adapted to warmer temperatures (28°C vs. 18°C) over three asexual generations. Differences in flowering time, stolon number, and petiole length were induced by warmer temperature in one or more ecotypes after three asexual generations and persisted in a common garden environment. Induced methylome changes differed between the four ecotypes from Norway, Iceland, Italy, and Spain, but shared methylome responses were also identified. Most differentially methylated regions (DMRs) occurred in the CHG context, and most CHG and CHH DMRs were hypermethylated at the warmer temperature. In eight CHG DMR peaks, a highly similar methylation pattern could be observed between ecotypes. On average, 13% of the differentially methylated genes between ecotypes also showed a temperature-induced change in gene expression. We observed ecotype-specific methylation and expression patterns for genes related to gibberellin metabolism, flowering time, and epigenetic mechanisms. Furthermore, we observed a negative correlation with gene expression when repetitive elements were found near (±2 kb) or inside genes. In conclusion, lasting phenotypic changes indicative of an epigenetic memory were induced by warmer temperature and were accompanied by changes in DNA methylation patterns. Both shared methylation patterns and transcriptome differences between F. vesca accessions were observed, indicating that DNA methylation may be involved in both general and ecotype-specific phenotypic variation.