Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2017
Forfattere
John Marshall Bryden Stig Strandli Gezelius Karen Refsgaard Judith SutzSammendrag
In this introduction to the special issue on inclusive innovation in the bioeconomy, the authors highlight inclusive innovation’s significance to economies that provide the vital resources of food, water, and energy. Innovation in the bioeconomy raises questions of environmental sustainability, human survival, social justice, and human rights. This article thus emphasizes, especially, the roles that institutions play regarding innovation in the bioeconomy. The authors suggest that inclusive innovation be defined as new ways of improving the lives of the most needy. They outline research implications of this definition, and relate these implications to debates about the modes and ethics of innovation. They argue that innovation systems’ design affects these systems’ potential for inclusiveness as well as their value premises. Finally, the contributions to this special issue are introduced and discussed in light of the special issue’s overall purpose and framework.
Sammendrag
Sewage sludge is an important amendment that enriches soils with organic matter and provides plants with nutrients such asnitrogenandphosphorus.However,knowledgeonthe fateandeffectsof organic pollutants presentin the sludge on soilorganisms is limited.In the present study, the uptake of triclosan, galaxolide, and tonalide in the earthworm Dendrobaena veneta was measured 1 wk afteramendment of agricultural soil with sewage sludge, while elimination kinetics were assessed over a 21-d period after transferring worms toclean soil. After 1-wk exposure, earthworms had accumulated 2.6 0.6 mgg1galaxolide, 0.04 0.02 mgg1tonalide, and0.6 0.2 mgg1triclosan. Both synthetic musks were efficiently excreted and below the limit of quantification after 3 and 14 d ofdepuration for tonalide and galaxolide, respectively. Triclosan concentrations, on the other hand, did not decrease significantly over thedepuration period, which may lead to the transfer of triclosan in the food web.
Forfattere
John Marshall Bryden Stig Strandli GezeliusSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Eivind Vangdal Valentina Picchi Marta Fibiani Roberto Lo ScalzoSammendrag
Plums contain high levels of hydroxycinnamates (neo-chlorogenic acid, Neo-CGA), anthocyanins (ATH) and ascorbic acid. The drying process influences their phytochemical content and plum cultivars are known to have different phytochemical retention after drying, but little data exists regarding to possible differences between conventional (CONV) and organic (ORG) plums. The aim of this study was to evaluate the phytochemical content in three different CONV and ORG plum cultivars (Jubileum, Reeves and Victoria) after freeze drying (FD), conventional oven drying (OD) and solar drying (SD). The three cultivars responded differently to the methods of drying. Notably, Jubileum decreased its ATH mostly when subjected to OD while its Neo-CGA content was mostly reduced after SD. Additionally, ORG Victoria and Reeves stood out for the low decrease of Neo-CGA after drying compared to the same cultivars cultivated with conventional system. The Folin-Ciocalteu index, which was significantly different in OD (6942 mg GAE/kg dw) and SD (5420 mg GAE/kg dw) samples, was positively related with both Neo-CGA and hydroxymethylfurfural. The present findings suggest that for some cultivars, the organic system influences the nutraceutical quality of dried product, thus representing an important factor that regulates the phytochemical content of dried plums.
Forfattere
Emilio Alvarenga Anne K. Falk Øgaard Lasse VråleSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Blas Mola-Yudego Javier Arevalo Olalla Díaz-Yáñez Ioannis Dimitriou Elliot Freshwater Antti Haapala Tahamina Khanam Mari SelkimäkiSammendrag
Wood biomass for energy is largely produced in Europe from forest land resulting from silvicultural and management practices or from agricultural land in the form of fast growing plantations. The present paper reviews and compares the estimated current potentials for wood biomass production in 25 countries in Europe. The potentials are divided attending to these sources to identify the most suitable method of wood biomass production on a country level, based on its current forest and agriculture levels of production. Data has been collected and compiled from previous models and estimations. The total aggregated available potential in Europe is 76 Mm3 of wood biomass from the forests, with an additional 90 Mm3 from increasing the utilization of forest lands, and 98 Mm3 from fast growing plantations (dedicating 5% of current agricultural land). Germany and France showed high potentials both from agriculture and forest; Finland and Sweden had most of its potential from forest sources; and Spain, Poland, and UK from fast-growing plantations. When considered together, Europe presents a large potential for wood biomass production for energy, and each country should develop different policy strategies of promotion attending to the most available source to realize this potential efficiently.
Forfattere
Åshild Ergon Laura Kirwan Gustav Fystro Marina Azzaroli Bleken Rosemary P Collins Odd Arne RognliSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Anne-Grete Roer Hjelkrem Torfinn Torp Guro Brodal Heidi Udnes Aamot Einar Strand Berit Nordskog Ruth Dill-Macky Simon G. Edwards Ingerd Skow HofgaardSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Reidun Pommeresche Anne-Kristin Løes Torfinn TorpSammendrag
The density and diversity of springtails (Collembola) in the upper soil layer (0–3.8 cm) were studied in a perennial grass-clover ley in NW Norway during April–June 2012. The study was part of a field experiment comparing yields and soil characteristics after application of non-digested slurry (NS) versus anaerobically digested slurry (DS) from dairy cows. In total for three sampling dates, 39 species of springtails were identified. In the Control plots receiving no manure, the density level was around 30 000 individuals (ind.) m−2 throughout the whole season. Three days after slurry application (40 t ha−1), the density of springtails had dropped significantly; from 55 214 to 7410 ind. m−2 in the NS treatment and from 41 914 to 10 260 ind. m−2 in the DS treatment. After 7 weeks the densities had increased again to 54% and 38% of the initial levels in NS and DS treatments, respectively. The springtails were divided into two ecological groups based on morphology and colour. The epigeic group comprised surface-dwelling species with eye organs and pigmentation. The endogeic group comprised soil-dwelling species lacking eye organs and pigmentation, and generally with shorter extremities than those found in the epigeic group. The negative effect of manure application on density was more severe and long-lasting in the epigeic than in the endogeic group. This effect was similar for both manure types. One species (Parisotoma notabilis) comprised 50% of the epigeic population, while three Mesaphorura spp. and Stanaphorura lubbocki comprised half the endogeic population. In general, the community structure, described by the relative abundance of each species, was more affected by manure application in the epigeic than in the endogeic group. Hence, slurry application seemed to affect surface-dwelling species more negatively than soil- dwelling species, even within the small sampling depth used here. The density of endogeic species seemed to recover faster than the density of the epigeic species. A simplified classification of epigeic and endogeic springtails, based on the presence or absence of pigmentation and eyes, may be useful in studies of soil springtails where identification of the actual species is not the primary purpose.
Forfattere
Leif Sundheim Inger Therese L. Lillegaard Christiane Kruse Fæste Anne Lise Brantsæter Guro Brodal Gunnar Sundstøl EriksenSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag