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Publikasjoner

NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.

2021

Sammendrag

Most studies on the effects of tillage operations documented the effects of tillage on losses through surface runoff. On flat areas, the subsurface runoff is the dominating pathway for water, soil and nutrients. This study presents results from a five-year plot study on a flat area measuring surface and subsurface runoff losses. The treatments compared were (A) autumn ploughing with oats, (B) autumn ploughing with winter wheat and (C) spring ploughing with spring barley (n = 3). The results showed that subsurface runoff was the main source for soil (67%), total phosphorus (76%), dissolved reactive phosphorus (75%) and total nitrogen (89%) losses. Through the subsurface pathway, the lowest soil losses occurred from the spring ploughed plots. Losses of total phosphorus through subsurface runoff were also lower from spring ploughing compared to autumn ploughing. Total nitrogen losses were higher from autumn ploughing compared to other treatments. Losses of total nitrogen were more influenced by autumn ploughing than by a nitrogen surplus in production. Single extreme weather events, like the summer drought in 2018 and high precipitation in October 2014 were crucial to the annual soil and nutrient losses. Considering extreme weather events in agricultural management is a necessary prerequisite for successful mitigation of soil and nutrient losses in the future.

Sammendrag

SoilCare er et femårig forskningsprosjekt finansiert av EUs Horisont2020-program som startet 1. mars 2016 og avsluttes 31. august 2021. Prosjektet er et samarbeid mellom 28 europeiske partnere med studieområder i 16 ulike europeiske land. Målet med prosjektet var å undersøke potensialet til jordforbedrende tiltak, samt identifisere og teste områdespesifikke jordforbedrende dyrkingssystemer med antatt positiv effekt på lønnsomhet og bærekraft i Europa. NIBIO er norsk partner i prosjektet, med studieområder på Østlandet (Viken og Innlandet), og har testet metoder for å bedre jordkvaliteten i Norge i samarbeid med Norges landbruksrådgivning (NLR). Denne samlerapporten beskriver arbeidsprosessene og oppsummerer resultater fra de norske studieområdene, med valg/prioritering av interessenter, idéverksteder for å identifisere årsaker til redusert jordkvalitet og mulige tiltak, utprøving av tiltak i feltforsøk, og medvirkning for å utvikle strategier for videre implementering, samt evaluering av resultater. Basert på resultatene fra studieområdene gis det følgende anbefalinger: utarbeide et mer fleksibelt system for økonomiske virkemidler, revidere de eksisterende virkemidlene og inkludere mer ambisiøse og langsiktige mål, lage målsettinger for jord og god jordforvaltning i eksisterende lovgivning, samt etablere mekanismer for effektiv kunnskapsformidling og utveksling.

Til dokument

Sammendrag

Species spreading beyond their native ranges are important study objects in ecology and environmental sciences and research on biological invasions is thriving. Along with an increase in the number of publications, the research field is experiencing an increase in the diversity of methods applied and questions asked. This development has facilitated an upsurge in information on invasions, but it also creates conceptual and practical challenges. To provide more transparency on which kind of research is actually done in the field, the distinction between invasion science, encompassing the full spectrum of studies on biological invasions and the sub-field of invasion biology, studying patterns and mechanisms of species invasions with a focus on biological research questions, can be useful. Although covering a smaller range of topics, invasion biology today still is the driving force in invasion science and we discuss challenges stemming from its embeddedness in the social context. Invasion biology consists of the building blocks ‘theory’, ‘case studies’ and ‘application’, where theory takes the form of conceptual frameworks, major hypotheses and statistical generalisations. Referencing recent work in philosophy of science, we argue that invasion biology, like other biological or ecological disciplines, does not rely on the development of an all-encompassing theory in order to be efficient. We suggest, however, that theory development is nonetheless necessary and propose improvements. Recent advances in data visualisation, machine learning and semantic modelling are providing opportunities for enhancing knowledge management and presentation and we suggest that invasion science should use these to transform its ways of publishing, archiving and visualising research. Along with a stronger focus on studies going beyond purely biological questions, this would facilitate the efficient prevention and management of biological invasions.