Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2009
Forfattere
Mekjell Meland Eva BirkenSammendrag
The European plum cultivar ‘Jubileum" blossoms abundantly most years and too many flowers can be set if not properly thinned. For two seasons started in 2007 mature ‘Jubileum/St. Julien A were treated with ethephon when full bloom opened at concentration of 250, 375 and 500 ppm and at 10-12 mm fruitlets stage at concentration of 125, 250 and 375 ppm. The experimental design was completely randomised with 6 replications of single trees. The trees were sprayed to run-off with a hand sprayer when temperature was above 15 ºC. All thinning treatments reduced the fruit set significantly. The fruit set decreased with increasing ethephon concentration, and the highest rates at bloom and fruitlet overthinned. Less dosage of ethephon was required at fruitlet time in order to obtain the same fruit set. The yield did confirm the fruit set response and the yield reductions were significant. All thinning treatments gave higher percentage of fruits larger than 38 mm fruit size compared to the unthinned control. Fruit quality characterized by blue surface cover and the content of soluble solids was in general high and increased significantly by reduced fruit. Fruit firmness, however, slightly declined in the ethephon thinned trees. Other fruit quality parameter like percentage acid content did not show a clear response to the thinning. Return bloom was little improved on thinned trees the following year. The crop load per tree was reduced to about the half of the previous year control trees included. In conclusion, ethephon application at a rate of 375 ppm applied at full bloom or 250 ppm at 10 mm fruit diameter thinned ‘Jubileum" plums to a target of about 10 -15 % fruit set.
Forfattere
Guro HenselSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Hugh RileySammendrag
For å se nærmere på eventuelle ettervirkninger av tidligere års gjødselbruk, ble det i perioden 2004-2007 ikke brukt husdyrgjødsel (HDG) på ledd der dette tidligere var tilført hvert år og i samme tidsrom ble bruk av mineralgjødsel stanset på noen forsøksledd som tidligere hadde blitt gjødslet med NPK-gjødsel. Om man vurderer effektene av de tilførte næringsstoffene på planteproduktivitet i tilførselsåret alene, viser disse forsøkene at bruk av mineralgjødsel er klart mer effektivt enn bruk av husdyrgjødsel. I motsetning til sistnevnte, gir mineralgjødsel imidlertid ingen ettervirkningseffekt når bruken opphører, hverken på avling eller næringsopptak, selv etter langvarig bruk som trolig har økt jordas næringsinnhold betydelig. Dette tyder på at bruk av mineralgjødsel bidrar lite til å sikre jordas langsiktige bærekraft. Det laveste HDG-nivået som ble brukt i disse forsøkene gav nesten like stor ettervirkning som de høyere nivå. Sistnevnte tilfører betydelig mer plantenæring enn det som blir tatt opp i tilførselsåret. Bruk av slike mengder innebærer en betydelig risiko for næringstap til luft og vann, mens det laveste HDG-nivået gir en tilnærmet balanse mellom tilførsel og bortførsel. Bruk av husdyrgjødsel gir andre fordeler i tillegg til næringsforsyning. Det har en positiv effekt på jordas pH og bufferevne, det tilfører sporstoffer og det stimulerer jordas biologiske aktivitet. Det har trolig også en positiv effekt på jordstruktur, infiltrasjonsevne og jordas generelle laglighet.
Sammendrag
Bioforsk Jord og Miljø har bred ekspertise på Vanndirektivet. Vi rådgir forvaltningen og utfører FoU og oppdrag innen blant annet miljøovervåking, tilførselsberegninger og tiltaksanalyser. Vi har kompetanse på både overflatevann og grunnvann.
Forfattere
Håkon BorchSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Belachew Asalf Tadesse Håvard Eikemo Andrew Dobson Anne-Marte Tronsmo Cecilie Hagen David M. Gadoury Robert C Seem Arne StensvandSammendrag
Several non-chemical control agents are now registered and available for control of powdery mildews. However, there is little or no information about their efficacy against strawberry powdery mildew, caused by Podosphera aphanis. Trials were conducted to compare the performance of non-chemical control agents to chemical fungicides under laboratory, greenhouse and high plastic tunnel conditions. The treatments included: AQ10 (active ingredient is Ampelomyces quisqualis, a hyperparasite on powdery mildew), AQ10 + Silwet Gold (organosilicon adjuvant, enhances distribution and wetting), Vacciplant (active ingredient is laminarin, an extract from brown algae), JMS Stylet oil (mineral oil), Rape seed oil + detergent, Thiovit (wettable sulphur), Topas 100 EC (penconazole) + Candit (kresoximmethyl) and water as control. In the greenhouse, one quarter of the recommended dose was used either daily in one experiment or three times per week in another. In the field, half of recommended rates were applied twice weekly. Both in the greenhouse and tunnel experiments, the chemical control Topas + Candit and AQ10 + Silwet Gold significantly reduced disease severity. AQ10,Vacciplant and Thiovit were moderately effective when applied daily in the greenhouse trial, but not significantly different from the water control when applied three time per week in the greenhouse and twice a week in the tunnel experiment. In the plastic tunnel, the JMS stylet oil and Rape seed oil + detergent treatments caused severe phytotoxic reaction (necrosis). AQ10 used alone had the poorest performance in the tunnel. This indicated that the spreader either enhances the effect of AQ10 and/or the spreader itself had an effect. In laboratory experiments with powdery mildew grown on strawberry leaflets in Petri dishes, spore germination after treatments with water, Stylet oil, Candit and Thiovit were 74, 53, 8 and 7%, respectively. The effect of Thiovit found in the laboratory was not reflected in the greenhouse and plastic tunnel trials. We will further explore the protectant, curative and eradicative effects of the compounds included here.
Forfattere
Hans Martin Hanslin Trygve S. AamlidSammendrag
An absolute condition for high-quality golf courses and athletic fields is an adequate fertilizer programme. Many organic fertilizers, some of them also containing biostimulants, are on the market. Our objective was to evaluate some of these products under Scandinavian climate conditions. The fertilizers / biostimulants Gro-Power®, Turf Food, Golf Algin, Bio Kombi, MaxicropTM and FlexTM were compared with Arena® mineral fertilizer (control) on a USGA green in 2005 (grow-in year) and 2006; and the products Golf Algin, ProGreen, Activo and FlexTM were compared with Fullgjødsel® mineral fertilizer (control) on a sand-based football pitch in the same years. Within each experiment, all treatments received the same amount of nitrogen (N) rate per year (2.5/1.7 kg N (100 m2)-1 on the golf green and 3.0/2.8 kg N (100 m2)-1 on the pitch in 2005/2006, respectively. Inputs of other nutrients varied depending on product tested. In 2005, products were applied at two or four week intervals according to their label, but in 2006, all products were applied at biweekly intervals. On average for the two year experimental period, none of the organic fertilizers / biostimulants caused significant improvements in turfgrass overall impression compared with the control mineral fertilizer treatments. Turf Food and ProGreen enhanced turfgrass grow-in on the green and pitch, respectively, but when used as maintenance fertilizer, Turf Food, Golf Algin, Bio Kombi and Flex produced turf of significantly less quality than the the control. Disadvantages of the test products were most conspicuous in spring when N release was restricted due to low soil temperatures and in autumn when the products resulted in significantly more diseases than the mineral fertilizer control. The only product that resulted in significantly better turfgrass colour and tended to give higher overall impression than the control was the humic acid based Gro-Power® when combined with Arena® at two week intervals; however, the inclusion of Gro-Power® products also increased fertilizer costs by 72% in the grow-in year and 124% in the subsequent year. In conclusion, light and frequent applications of mineral fertilizer should always form the nutritional basis for sand-based greens and football pitches in Scandinavia. Certain organic fertilizers and biostimulants may become useful supplements for turfgrass grow-in and as maintenance fertilizers during the warmest summer period.
Forfattere
Trygve S. Aamlid Hans Martin HanslinSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Trygve S. Aamlid Oiva Niemelainen Maire Rannikko Olav Noteng Michael Waldner Terje Haugen Sanni Junnila Trond Olav Pettersen Tatsiana EspevigSammendrag
This report presents second year results and recommendations based on a two year project evaluating the plant growth regulator Primo MAXX® (trineexapac-ethyl) on Nordic golf courses.