Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2021
Forfattere
Christian Wilhelm MohrSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Volkmar TimmermannSammendrag
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Forfattere
Kjetil FadnesSammendrag
Nationen endret i ettertid tittelen til dette: Inneklemt areal er også matjord Nationen har reist viktige spørsmål knytt til kor mykje jordbruksareal vi har. Det er behov for oppklaring om kva som skal reknast som jordbruksareal.
Forfattere
Anders Bryn Thea Grobstok Dalen Eirik Aasmo Finne Hanne Heiberg Lasse Torben Keetz Irene Brox Nilsen Frans-Jan W. Parmentier Christine Snekkenes Frode Stordal Kjetil Schanke Aas Dag Olav Hessen Inge Althuizen Liss Marie Andreassen Dag-Inge Bakke Terje Koren Berntsen Jarle W. Bjerke Ryan Bright Anita Verpe Dyrrdal Sonya Rita Geange Peter Horvath Thomas Opel Norbert Pirk Oskar Puschmann Kjersti Strass Lena M. Tallaksen Hui Tang Michal Torma Ane Vollsnes Sebastian Westermann Yeliz A. YilmazSammendrag
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Sammendrag
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Forfattere
Atle Wehn HegnesSammendrag
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Forfattere
Paal KrokeneSammendrag
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Sammendrag
Simple Summary Sugarcane, an important cash crop in Malawi, is susceptible to numerous insect pests, and many farmers rely heavily on chemical insecticides for their control. Biopesticides containing insect pathogens are used in several countries outside Malawi; however, the occurrence and use of insect pathogens is limited in Malawi. In this study, we evaluated the natural occurrence of insect pathogenic fungi in sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) and in soil samples from sugarcane fields in Chikwawa District, southern Malawi. Insect pathogenic fungi from soil were isolated by baiting using larvae of the greater wax moth (Galleria mellonella). Insect pathogenic fungi were also isolated from surface-sterilized sugarcane leaves, stems, and roots. We found three types of insect pathogenic fungi: Beauveria bassiana, Metarhizium spp., and Isaria spp. Beauveria bassiana and Isaria spp. were found mostly from sugarcane leaves and stems, while Metarhizium spp. was mainly found in soils. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of B. bassiana and Isaria spp. occurring naturally as endophytes in sugarcane. Further, it is the first report of B. bassiana, Isaria spp. and Metarhizium spp. in the soil of sugarcane fields in Africa. Abstract The natural occurrence of entomopathogenic fungal endophytes in sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) and in soil samples from sugarcane fields was evaluated in Chikwawa District, southern Malawi. Fungi from soil were isolated by baiting using Galleria mellonella larva. Fungal endophytes were isolated from surface-sterilized plant tissue sections. Forty-seven isolates resembled the genus Beauveria, 9 isolates were Metarhizium, and 20 isolates were Isaria. There was no significant difference in the number and type of fungal isolates collected from soil and from plant tissue. There was, however, a significant difference in the part of the plant where fungal species were isolated, which fungal species were isolated, and the number of fungal species isolated at each location. Phylogenetic analysis of 47 Beauveria isolates based on DNA sequencing of the Bloc intergenic region indicated that these isolates all belonged to B. bassiana and aligned with sequences of B. bassiana isolates of African and Neotropical origin. The Malawian B. bassiana isolates formed a distinct clade. No larvae died from infestation by multiple fungi. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of B. bassiana and Isaria spp. occurring naturally as endophytes in sugarcane. Further, it is the first report of B. bassiana, Isaria spp., and Metarhizium spp. in the soil of sugarcane fields in Africa.
Forfattere
Trond MæhlumSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Alba Canet-Martí Rocío Pineda-Martos Ranka Junge Katrin Bohn Teresa A. Paço Cecilia Delgado Gitana Alencikiene Siv Skar Gösta F. M. BaganzSammendrag
Urban agriculture (UA) plays a key role in the circular metabolism of cities, as it can use water resources, nutrients, and other materials recovered from streams that currently leave the city as solid waste or as wastewater to produce new food and biomass. The ecosystem services of urban green spaces and infrastructures and the productivity of specific urban agricultural technologies have been discussed in literature. However, the understanding of input and output (I/O) streams of different nature-based solutions (NBS) is not yet sufficient to identify the challenges and opportunities they offer for strengthening circularity in UA. We propose a series of agriculture NBS, which, implemented in cities, would address circularity challenges in different urban spaces. To identify the challenges, gaps, and opportunities related to the enhancement of resources management of agriculture NBS, we evaluated NBS units, interventions, and supporting units, and analyzed I/O streams as links of urban circularity. A broader understanding of the food-related urban streams is important to recover resources and adapt the distribution system accordingly. As a result, we pinpointed the gaps that hinder the development of UA as a potential opportunity within the framework of the Circular City.