Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2018
Forfattere
Matthias KoeslingSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Bjørn Tore Nystrand Inga Marie Aasen Matthias Koesling Åshild Krogdahl Jorunn Skjermo Rasa Slizyte Celine ReboursSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Matthias KoeslingSammendrag
Hvert år produseres i snitt 300 liter melk per innbygger i Norge. Vi beregnet summen av all energi som brukes både direkte og indirekte for å produsere melk for 20 gårder med melkeku i Møre og Romsdal. Resultatet viser at energibehovet varierer mye og tyder på at mange kunne spare både mye energi og en del utgifter.
Sammendrag
Norske bønder med melkeku leverer i snitt 300 liter melk per innbygger og år, noe som gir en selvforsyning med meieriprodukt. Av disse 300 l konsumeres rundt 90 liter som forskjellige typer ferskmelk, resten blir hovedsakelig til ost, yoghurt, rømme, fløte, is og smør. Med utgangs-punkt i 20 melkebruk i Møre og Romsdal, beregnet vi hvor mye energi som ble brukt for å produsere melk og kjøtt. Vi tok med all energi som brukes til å framstille innsatsfaktorer som kraftfôr, kunstgjødsel og diesel, samt maskiner, traktorer og fjøs. Blant de 20 brukene varierte energibehovet for å produsere 300 l melk mye og tilsvarte energi fra 35 til 75 l diesel. I gjennomsnitt ble energi som tilsvarte 55 l diesel per 300 liter levert melk brukt på konvensjonelt drevne garder, og 45 l diesel på økologisk drevne garder.
Forfattere
Matthias KoeslingSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Anne-Grete Roer Hjelkrem Heidi Udnes Aamot Guro Brodal Einar Strand Torfinn Torp Simon G. Edwards Ruth Dill-Macky Ingerd Skow HofgaardSammendrag
High concentrations of the mycotoxins HT-2 and T-2 (HT2 + T2), primarily produced by Fusarium langsethiae, have occasionally been detected in Norwegian oat grains. In this study, we identified weather variables influencing accumulation of HT2 + T2 in Norwegian oat grains. Oat grain samples from farmers’ fields were collected together with weather data (2004–2013). Spearman rank correlation coefficients were calculated between the HT2 + T2 contamination in oats at harvest and a range of weather summarisations within estimated phenological windows of growth stages in oats (tillering, flowering etc.). Furthermore, we developed a mathematical model to predict the risk of HT2 + T2 in oat grains. Our data show that adequate predictions of the risk of HT2 + T2 in oat grains at harvest can be achieved, based upon weather data observed during the growing season. Humid and cool conditions, in addition to moderate temperatures during booting, were associated with increased HT2 + T2 accumulation in harvested oat grains, whereas warm and humid weather during stem elongation and inflorescence emergence, or cool weather and absence of rain during booting reduced the risk of HT2 + T2 accumulation. Warm and humid weather immediately after flowering increased the risk, while moderate to warm temperatures and absence of rain during dough development, reduced the risk of HT2 + T2 accumulation in oat grains. Our data indicated that HT2 + T2 contamination in oats is influenced by weather conditions both pre- and post-flowering. These findings are in contrast with a previous study examining the risk of deoxynivalenol contamination in oat reporting that toxin accumulation was mostly influenced by weather conditions from flowering onwards.
Sammendrag
This study examines the relationships between profitability, nitrogen (N) surplus, greenhouse gas emissions (GHG), and energy intensity and factors influencing these relationships in dairy farming. In-depth data from 10 conventional and 8 organic dairy farms in Western Norway were analyzed. Organic farms had lower N surplus per hectare (local, onfarm) and per unit output (global, cradle-to-farm-gate), and lower estimated GHG emissions and energy intensity per unit output, whereas labor input and farm profits did not differ. Higher profitability tended to be associated with improved performance of the environmental indicators examined. Intensification through increased use of concentrates tended to improve profit and reduce N surplus, GHG emissions, and energy intensity per unit output within each farming system while N surplus per hectare could be negatively affected. To ensure a balanced representation of the environmental consequences of both organic and conventional farming systems,our results give support to extensive examination of both area and product-based environmental performance indicators.
Forfattere
Björn Ringselle Therese With Berge Daniel Stout Tor Arvid Breland Paul E. Hatcher Espen Haugland Matthias Koesling Kjell Mangerud Tor Lunnan Lars Olav BrandsæterSammendrag
Docks (Rumex spp.) are a considerable problem in grassland production worldwide. We investigated how different cultural management techniques affected dock populations during grassland renewal: (I) renewal time, (II) companion crop, (III) false seedbed, (IV) taproot cutting (V), plough skimmer and (VI) ploughing depth. Three factorial split-split plot experiments were carried out in Norway in 2007–2008 (three locations), 2008–2009 (one location) and 2009 (one location). After grassland renewal, more dock plants emerged from seeds than from roots. Summer renewal resulted in more dock seed and root plants than spring renewal. Adding a spring barley companion crop to the grassland crop often reduced dock density and biomass. A false seedbed resulted in 71% fewer dock seed plants following summer renewal, but tended to increase the number of dock plants after spring renewal. In some instances, taproot cutting resulted in less dock biomass, but the effect was weak and inconsistent, and if ploughing was shallow (16 cm) or omitted, it instead increased dock root plant emergence. Fewer root plants emerged after deep ploughing (24 cm) compared to shallow ploughing, and a plough skimmer tended to reduce the number further. We conclude that a competitive companion crop can assist in controlling both dock seed and root plants, but it is more important that the renewal time is favourable to the main crop. Taproot cutting in conjunction with ploughing is not an effective way to reduce dock root plants, but ploughing is more effective if it is deep and a skimmer is used.
2017
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag