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Publikasjoner

NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.

2025

Sammendrag

Rapporten presenterer en analysere av offentlige styringsdokumenter som har betydning for forvaltning av jordbrukets arealbehov, inkludert dyrket, dyrkbart og utmarksareal. Målet var å kartlegge målsettinger og virkemidler for bærekraftig forvaltning på nasjonalt, regionalt (Nord-Norge) og kommunalt nivå (Alta, Tromsø, Vestvågøy). Analysen viser at alle myndighetsnivåer har utarbeidet mål og virkemidler for bærekraftig arealforvaltning. Alta, Tromsø og Vestvågøy kommuner har godt planverk og følger nasjonale og regionale føringer. Vi fant en rekke målsettinger for bærekraftig forvaltning av jordbrukets arealbehov som dekker fire tema: bærekraft, vern av dyrka og dyrkbar jord, aktiv drift av jordbruksareal og bærekraftig forvaltning av beiteareal i utmark. Målsettinger om vern av dyrka jord er mest fremhevet. De viktigste virkemidlene for bærekraftig arealforvaltning inkluderer tiltak for kunnskapsbasert arealforvaltning og økt bevissthet om jordbrukets arealbehov, samt juridiske og økonomiske virkemidler.

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Sammendrag

Thirty-seven turfgrass samples expressing dollar spot symptoms were collected in summer 2020 on golf courses in Sweden, Denmark, United Kingdom, Germany, Portugal, and Spain. The fungi were isolated at Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO) Turfgrass Laboratory (Norway) and sent for molecular identification using sequencing of regions of ITS (internal transcribed regions of the ribosomal DNA) and calmodulin. Clarireedia homoeocarpa was identified in four turfgrass samples and Clarireedia jacksonii was identified in 11 turfgrass samples. From seven turfgrass samples, the isolated fungi were not Clarireedia spp., but Waitea circinata, Fusarium culmorum, and Fusarium oxysporum. This suggests dollar spot is not always accurately identified from foliar symptoms in the field.

Sammendrag

Chocolate spot (CS) is one of the most destructive diseases affecting faba beans worldwide, leading to yield reductions of up to 90% in susceptible cultivars under conducive environmental conditions. Traditionally, the disease has been attributed to the fungal pathogens Botrytis fabae and Botrytis cinerea, however recent studies have identified three additional Botrytis species capable of causing the disease. Fungicide applications during flowering are commonly used to control the disease and limit damage to pod set, but this approach is not always effective. The reasons for this lack of control are not fully understood. To increase our understanding of the CS species complex in Norway, we used species-specific PCR to identify different Botrytis species in symptomatic leaves collected at various locations and years. Some Botrytis species are known to be high-risk pathogens for fungicide resistance development, but resistance in Norwegian Botrytis populations in faba bean have not previously been studied. Therefore, we obtained Botrytis isolates from diseased leaves and used a mycelial growth assay to assess their response to the active ingredients (boscalid and pyraclostrobin) in the fungicide commonly used for CS control in Norway. Resistance to both boscalid and pyraclostrobin was detected among B. cinerea isolates, while only resistance to boscalid was detected among B. fabae isolates. To elucidate resistance mechanisms, we analyzed target gene sequences for the presence of mutations known to confer resistance to the two active ingredients. Field experiments were conducted to test the efficacy of various spray timings and fungicides in early and late faba bean varieties. Additionally, we are developing a disease risk model for CS to better understand the conditions that lead to disease and to improve the timing of fungicide applications.