Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2026
Forfattere
Maria Oldeman LundSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Maria Oldeman LundSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Maria Oldeman LundSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Maria Oldeman LundSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Paloma Sánchez-Argüello Gema Sáez-Salto Alice Budai Pierre-Adrien Rivier Simon Weldon Antonio Martín-EstebanSammendrag
Compost application is a widely recommended practice to maintain and improve soil fertility. However, such a practice could be a main entry path for plastic into soil. Accordingly, in the present work, two different compost samples, obtained with and without biochar, were analyzed to investigate how composting can affect the presence of microplastics (MPs). The substrate of both samples (consisting of a mixture of household food waste and animal manure) was also analyzed for comparative purposes. Samples were processed by oxidation, flotation, and filtration. MPs on the filters were observed, counted, and size-calibrated using both a stereomicroscope and an inverted microscope. MPs larger than 1 mm were further characterized by attenuated total reflectance Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR). In parallel, mesoplastics (0.5–2 cm) were recovered from substrate and compost and extracted in methanol for testing in vitro cytotoxicity. The estimated concentration of MPs ranged from 820 to 1340 fragments/kg of dry sample, depending upon the sample. Three polymers represented the totality of identified plastic items: polyethylene (PE, including both low and high density), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), and polypropylene (PP) in order of abundance. Nevertheless, cytotoxicity was only observed in mesoplastic extracts from the substrate and could not be attributed to the identified plastic items themselves, suggesting that cytotoxic effects could have been caused by contaminants adsorbed to plastics or by the leaching of plastic additives during the extraction process. In summary, the composting process reduced the cytotoxicity of plastic extracts and the presence of MPs in compost, which could be attributed to the fragmentation of plastics.
Forfattere
Colin Sinclair Jemma Louise Wadham Laura Jaakola Sabina Strmic PalinkasSammendrag
In recent years, rock powders have received renewed interest as slow-release fertilizers that can provide soils and crops with a range of macro- and micronutrients. Glacial flour is a naturally occurring, fine-grained rock powder that is found in glaciated regions worldwide. Formed from the erosion of bedrock, the physical and chemical properties of different glacial flours vary widely by source, influencing their effectiveness as fertilizers. This study aimed to analyze eight lithologically diverse glacial flours collected from glaciers in Iceland, Svalbard, and Norway for their exchangeable and total nutrient concentrations, trace metal concentrations and mineralogy. The flours were then applied to a nutrient-depleted, artificial soil at three application rates in a greenhouse experiment set up to mimic an Arctic/subarctic growing season for the crop, peas (Pisum sativum L.). The flours contained low amounts of plant-available N and P, while total P was highly variable. Glacial flour treatments, even at the lowest application rate of 2 tha-1, improved pea biomass and yield over the control, and were comparable to a low dose of a synthetic PK fertilizer. Increasing the application rate further was in some cases associated with an increase in biomass and yield. Trial results indicate that peas benefited from glacial flour amendment over a single growing season under conditions of severe nutrient limitation. Preliminary results suggest that glacial flour has potential utility in organic and regenerative agriculture, but suitable flours must be identified based on total nutrient concentrations, nutrient availability, dissolution rate, and potentially harmful trace metal concentrations
Forfattere
Anders BrynSammendrag
Foredrag som oppdaterer dagens kunnskapsgrunnlag om klimavirkninger av å holde husdyr på beite i Norge
Sammendrag
Genetisk variasjon for evolusjon og skogens evne til å tilpasse seg klimaendringer bevares best in situ i naturlige bestand. Norges nettverk av bevaringsområder er per i dag svært begrenset. Rapporten foreslår en utvidelse av nettverket basert på klimagradienter og genetiske studier for å oppfylle nasjonale og internasjonale forpliktelser.
Forfattere
Giacomo Nicolini David Durden Luca Di Fiore Christopher Florian Simone Sabbatini Bert Gielen Arne Iserbyt Benjamin Loubet Ivan Mammarella Adriana Mariotti Maarten Op de Beeck Caleb Slemmons Carlo Trotta Adam Young Abad Chabbi Iris Feigenwinter Bernard Heinesch Natalia Kowalska Matthias Mauder Ladislav Šigut Michiel van der Molen Flavio Bastos Campos Daniel Berveiller Christian Brümmer Matthias Cuntz Jean‐Christophe Domec Benjamin Dumont Silvano Fares Damiano Gianelle Rasmus Jensen Carmen Kalalian Natascha Kljun Holger Lange Jean‐Marc Limousin Erik Lundin Antonio Manco Leonardo Montagnani Eiko Nemitz Matthias Peichl Erkka Rinne Marilyn Roland Marius Schmidt Guillaume Simioni Abin Thomas Caroline Vincke Dario PapaleSammendrag
The lack of energy balance closure in Eddy‐Covariance (EC) measurements is a well‐known, still unresolved challenge in micrometeorology, with energy balance closure (EBC) rates typically ranging between 60% and 80%. While numerous hypotheses have been proposed to explain this imbalance, the relative contributions of neglected energy storage terms, data quality and flux processing options remain insufficiently disentangled. Using standardized ICOS and NEON datasets, we show that a significant portion of the observed energy imbalance can be attributed to overlooked or inconsistently handled energy components and turbulent flux quality control. Using data drawn from 84 sites, we show that comprehensive energy accounting—including soil heat flux, storage terms (soil, air, biomass), photosynthetic energy demand, and strict quality filtering of turbulent fluxes—improved EBC by 16% on average, with site‐specific gains up to 40%. However, we also identify a persistent residual imbalance that is unlikely to be resolved through methodological refinements or additional measurements alone, pointing to fundamental physical processes that are not accounted for in the standard measurement and processing. We argue that this unresolved imbalance should be explicitly acknowledged and bounded, rather than implicitly absorbed into correction schemes, and we outline practical guidance for diagnosing and interpreting EBC in standardized flux networks. This perspective evaluates methodological advances and residual uncertainties, providing an actionable framework for the appropriate use of EC energy fluxes in carbon, water, and climate research.
Forfattere
Hanna Huitu Tor-Einar Skog Christophe Pradal Antonio Calatayud Tor Skaslien Brita Linnestad Ari Ronkainen Christian Fournier Marc Labadie Dave Skirvin Matti Pastell David Melchior Johannes Tobiassen Langvatn Berit NordskogSammendrag
Decision support systems (DSS) in crop protection provide valuable support for pest risk prognosis and recommendations for pest control, enabling farmers to make better-informed decisions. As a part of the European Union’s strategy for the sustainable use of plant protection products, the “IPM Decisions” project developed an online platform that gives farmers and advisors access to a wide range of DSS for major pests, weeds, and diseases in a variety of crops across Europe. Multiple DSS models relevant for different crops and geographical regions of Europe were selected for integration in the platform. Information on the models is compiled into a model catalogue, which serves as a core component of the IPM Decisions platform. To facilitate the use of these models, two application programming interfaces (APIs) were developed. In line with the FAIR (findable, accessible, interoperable, and reusable) principles, the DSS API provides access to models and their metadata, including descriptions of input and output parameters. The weather API enables access to European online weather data sources and adapts this data to meet the requirements of DSS models. While these APIs are integrated into the IPM decisions platform, they are also open source, allowing other crop protection and farm management software to inspect, download, modify, install, run, and use them. In this article, we describe the development of the DSS and weather APIs, outline their structure and definitions, and present the services that DSS API and weather API provide. Finally, we demonstrate their application through three practical use cases.