Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2011
Forfattere
Richard MeadowSammendrag
Intervju med Richard Meadow og Eline Hågvar (UMB) om genetiskmodifiserte insekter.
Forfattere
Richard MeadowSammendrag
Intervju med Richard Meadow om bekjempelse av kålfluer.
Sammendrag
Utilizing animal slurry to produce biogas may reduce fossil fuel usage and emissions of greenhouse gases. However, there is limited information on how the recycling of digested slurry as a fertilizer impacts soil fertility in the long run. Anaerobic digestion decreases the content of organic matter in the slurry and organic farmers are concerned that this will deplete soil organic matter pools. This will be studied in the SOILEFFECTS project, initiated in 2010 at an organic research farm in Tingvoll, Norway. A local biogas plant produces anaerobically digested slurry, to be compared with non-digested slurry in perennial ley and arable crops. Effects on crop yields, and a range of soil characteristics will be measured
Forfattere
Reidun Pommeresche Kathrin Hofmann Aslaksby Synne Marita Øverli Alketa Sadiku Ulf Marthinsen Gunnhild DahleSammendrag
Rapport fra utviklingsporsjekt. I studiet "praktisk pedagogisk utdanning" ved UMB, Institutt for matematiske realfag og teknologi, Seksjon for læring og lærerutdanning.
Forfattere
Reidun PommerescheSammendrag
Innlegg om resultater på meitemark fra Byggroporsjektet " økte avlinger i økologisk drift gjennom bedret grønngjødselhåndtering". På avslutningsseminar i Byggro
Forfattere
Reidun PommerescheSammendrag
Presentasjon av 6 Bioforsk Tema om ulike organismer i jorda og ett om kompostering.
Forfattere
Kirsty McKinnon Reidun PommerescheSammendrag
I et «Prosjekt skolehager» har Kirsty McKinnon og Reidun Pommeresche ved Bioforsk økologisk kontakt med en del skoler som har etablert egne små hage og som bruker disse arenaene til undervisning. På tre skoler (Midsund, Tingvoll og Meisingset) har vi i samarbeid med klasser utarbeidet små forskningsprosjekter hvor elevene og deres utforskertrang står i fokus. Hvor mange meitemark og hvilke arter lever i skolehagen vår? Hvor mange sukkererter er det på en plante og hvor mange erter er det inni en ertebelg? Hva kommer først ut av frøet når det spirer, rota eller toppen? Kan det vokse en tomatplante ut av en hel tomat? Vokser løk bedre ved å gjødsle med kaningjødsel, husdyrmøkk eller vokser de beste i bare jord? Hvilke smådyr finnes i skolehagen og hva gjør de der? Flekken min: elevene følger hver sin plante eller lite areal i hagen hvor de beskriver utviklingen fra gang til gang og gjennom året (en plante vokste fra 0- 2 m på en sesong!). Alt dette er forskning elever jobber med i samarbeid med oss. De skal øve på å bruke «forskerspiremetoden» i naturfag, en metode som veileder til forskning og undring over naturen og fenomener rundt oss. Elevene skal finne spørsmål, lete etter informasjon, diskutere, undersøke, samle inn data og presentere litt resultater for andre i form av plakater, presentasjoner og/eller faktaark. I tillegg må de bruke flere andre fag i dette arbeidet.
Forfattere
Matthias ZielkeSammendrag
Mål: Gjennom et regionalt samarbeid mellom forvaltning, forskning, industri/foredling, landbruk, fiskeri- og havsbruksnæringen få i gangsatt organisk gjødselproduksjon i regionen, med kvalitet som tilfredstiller landbruksnæringens og Debios" krav.
Forfattere
Christer MagnussonSammendrag
Nematodes, commonly known as round worms, are the most common multicellular animals on planet Earth. After 1000 million years of evolution members of the phylum Nematoda have a high bionomic diversity. As habitants of the soil and rhizosphere nematodes are involved en energy fluxes, and affect carbon and nutrient cycles. As plant parasites, either alone or in synergism with other pathogens, nematodes are responsible for plant disease complexes and major crop losses. A growth depression in a field of potato (Solanum tuberosum) cv. Saturna [resistant to pathotype Ro1 of potato cyst nematode (PCN) Globodera rostochiensis], suggestive of potato cyst nematode damage, was detected in Grue, eastern Norway. Analyses of soil samples did not detect PCN, but demonstrated the occurrence of a large number of lesion nematodes Pratylenchus penetrans .Tubers from the depressed part of the field had severe symptoms similar to those caused by the common scab bacterium Streptomyces scabies. Potato yield was reduced by 50% in the affected area of the field. Transect-sampling showed plant growth to be negatively correlated with densities of P. penetrans and suggested a damage threshold of potato to the nematode of 100 specimens per250 g of soil. Common scab (Streptomyces scabies) occurred frequently in the affected area. P. penetrans was present in roots, underground stems, stolons and tubers. Tubers from the depressed part of the field had severe symptoms similar to those caused by the common scab bacterium. In tubers, nematodes were detected inside cross-lesions typical symptoms of common scab, and occurred also in the outermost 0.5 mm tissue associated with such lesions. In pots with sterile sand, micro-tubers of potato cv. Saturna, produced from meristems, were grown in a green-house infected with, P. penetrans, S. scabies, and a combination of P. penetrans and, S. scabies. P. penetrans alone induced tuber lesions similar to those of common scab. Also, the combined inoculation of the bacterium and the nematode seemed to enhance symptom expression. Similar scab symptoms, in connection with lesion nematode infections, have been observed on potato tubers cv. Oleva, which also is relatively tolerant to common scab. Symptomatic tubers cv. Saturna first stored at 4o C for 20 weeks were transferred to pots with sterile sand and grown for 3 months in the green-house. In these cultures P. penetrans was first detected in soil 8 weeks after planting. Examination at harvest of soil, roots, stolons, tubers demonstrated symptoms typical of P. penetrans. Interestingly, P. penetrans survives storage of potatoes, from which new infections may develop. Hence, potato tubers do appear to be an important means for the spread of P. penetrans to new areas. The fact that the symptoms induced by this nematode may be mistaken for symptoms of common scab suggests that the frequency of S. scabies might have been overestimated in regular surveys. Infections by P. penetrans have important implications for scab control. This pertains in particular to recommended maintenance of high soil moisture at and during 4-9 weeks after tuber set. If symptoms are related to nematode infection rather than to the scab bacterium, this recommendation would allow for a rapid build-up of lesion nematodes resulting in a decrease in both yield and marketability of the tubers. Further studies are needed to investigate the extent of this problem.
Forfattere
Ricardo HolgadoSammendrag
Cyst nematodes, Heterodera spp. are known world-wide as parasites of cereals and grasses. Norwegian surveys have revealed that nematodes belonging to the H. avenae complex occur throughout the country; our studies have combined morphology, protein variability (IEF), bio-tests and internal transcribed spacers (ITS3 and ITS5) for the identification of Heterodera populations. Our results showed some divergences between techniques in species identity of some of the studied populations H. avenae is the most common species followed by H. filipjevi (Holgado et al., 2009).. Several populations of H. filipjevi west did not reproduce in oat differentials. In this case both the morphology and protein patterns rather indicated these populations to belong to H. pratensis. In this study a population from Brekstad differed from all other populations in its morphology, and the protein pattern was close to H. mani. This population was collected from barley, and in the pathotype test it was virulent on several barley cultivars. Mathews, 1971reported that H. mani did not reproduce on cereals while (Cook, 1982) indicates that some barley cultivars can serve as hosts. Surprisingly the ITS studies indicated the Brekstad population to be close to H. avenae. This population is in many ways strikingly different from H. avenae, and this result may indicate a need to revise the present gene library of H. avenae. It also demonstrates the need for using several techniques in species identification. In our study the least degree of divergent results on nematode identity is between morphology and IEF.