Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2025
Forfattere
Elisa Carignani Silvia Pizzanelli Lucia Calucci Claudia Forte Daniel Rasse Silvia BorsacchiSammendrag
In recent years, biochar loaded with urea has been proposed as a promising N-rich fertilizer with both high-N capacity and slow release. Understanding the interaction between urea and biochar at the molecular level is key to product design. Solid-state NMR (SSNMR) spectroscopy is a particularly powerful method to probe molecular composition and interactions within the bulk of materials. The objective of this work was to identify molecular structures and interactions when urea is loaded into and released from biochar. To do so, we carried out SSNMR investigations of biochar loaded with 13C and 15N isotopically enriched urea. Biochar-urea composites were prepared both with a saturated aqueous urea solution (BUs) and with molten urea (BUm). SSNMR analysis revealed that urea is predominantly in a paracrystalline form on the biochar surface or physically entrapped within biochar pores. In BUm, products of the thermal degradation of urea were also detected, mainly in the form of biuret. Water-immersion experiments showed that 78 and 64% of the urea contained in BUs and BUm is released, respectively, after 24 h, demonstrating substantial retention of urea. The residual urea is mainly physically confined in the biochar pores. In the case of BUm, urea thermal degradation species are also partially retained.
Sammendrag
Mitigation and adaptation are both urgently needed to effectively address climate change and reduce its effects. This is particularly pertinent in the agricultural sector, a major contributor to emissions and highly vulnerable to climate impacts. Our study investigates how farmers perceive and respond to mitigation and adaptation information. We develop and test animated video interventions in an incentivised survey experiment with Norwegian horticultural farmers (N = 513). We examine how an intervention framed in terms of mitigation (Mitigation treatment) or adaptation (Adaptation treatment) influenced support for sector-wide mitigation policies and actual adoption of a sustainable farming practice (cover crops). The results show that the Adaptation treatment significantly increased support for national agricultural mitigation policy compared to the Control, while the Mitigation treatment had no significant effect, suggesting that adaptation is not seen as a substitute for mitigation. However, neither treatment impacted the adoption of cover crops. These findings highlight the need for careful climate messaging in agriculture.
Forfattere
Anna Birgitte MilfordSammendrag
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Sammendrag
Many countries have goals to reduce soil sealing of agricultural land to preserve food production capacity. To monitor progress, reliable data are needed to quantify soil sealing and changes over time. We examined the potential of the Imperviousness Classified Change (IMCC) 2015–2018 product provided by the Copernicus Land Monitoring Service (CLMS) to assess soil sealing in agricultural areas in Poland and Norway. We found very high overall accuracy due to the dominance of the area with no change. When we focused on areas classified as change, we found low user accuracy, with over-estimation of soil sealing. The producer accuracy was generally much higher, meaning that real cases of soil sealing were captured. This is better than under-estimation of soil sealing because it highlights areas where sealing may have occurred, allowing the user to carry out further control of this much smaller area, without having to assess the great expanse of unchanged area. We concluded that the datasets provide useful information for Europe. They are standardized and comparable across countries, which can enable comparison of the effects of policies intended to prevent soil sealing. Some distinctions between classes are not reliable, but the general information about increase or decrease is useful.
Forfattere
Trygve S. AamlidSammendrag
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Sammendrag
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Sammendrag
This chapter explores the implementation of the smart city idea in Stavanger Municipality. While smart city ideas are internationally varyingly defined, Stavanger co-developed and adopted a local and national roadmap for smart city implementation in the municipality. This qualitative case study explores how the office, established for the smart city implementation in Stavanger, coped with the implementation process in practice, considering respectively rational, natural, new institutional, and translation theory perspectives of organizational change. Data were collected from spring 2019 to spring 2020, employing qualitative interviews and document analyses of semi-annual reports (2018–2019), to explore the research question: What happened with smart city ideas under their implementation in the Stavanger Municipality, in view of selected organizational change theory? The data were analyzed by applying pre-elaborated theory-derived checkpoints. Findings indicate that the Stavanger Municipality seems to have implemented the smart city idea during processes strongly related to established organizational culture. During various stages of the process, each of the considered organizational change theories were reflected, dependent on the time of evaluation, culminating in the establishment of translation competence in the organization. The study’s findings and view of understanding may inspire and critically prepare other medium-sized urban municipalities on their way to becoming smart cities.
Forfattere
Anna Antropova Yuri Lebedin Valentina Maygurova Marina Usoltseva Tatiana Gagkaeva Tatsiana EspevigSammendrag
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Forfattere
Vilde Lytskjold Haukenes Johan Asplund Line Nybakken Jørund Rolstad Ken Olaf Storaunet Mikael OhlsonSammendrag
A key property of the boreal forest is that it stores huge amounts of carbon (C), especially belowground in the soil. Amounts of C stored in the uppermost organic layer of boreal forest soils vary greatly in space due to an interplay between several variables facilitating or preventing C accumulation. In this study, we split C stocks into the organic layer and charcoal C due to their difference in origin, stability, and ecological properties. We compared organic layer C and charcoal C stocks in two regions of south-central Norway (Trillemarka and Varaldskogen), characterized by Scots pine and Norway spruce forests with varying fire histories. We used structural equation modeling to investigate how vegetation composition, hydrotopography, and soil properties interplay to shape organic layer C and charcoal C stocks. Pine forests consistently contained larger organic layer C stocks than spruce forests. Charcoal stocks, in contrast, were less consistent across both forest types and study regions as pine forests had higher charcoal C stocks than spruce forests in Trillemarka, while the two forest types contained equal charcoal C stocks in Varaldskogen. Charcoal and soil organic layer C stocks increased with higher fire frequencies (number of fire events over the last 600 years), but not with a shorter time since last fire (TSF). Additionally, vegetation composition, terrain slope, and soil moisture were the most important drivers of the organic layer C stocks, while charcoal C stocks were mainly controlled by the depth of the organic layer. Also, microtopography was of importance for organic layer C and charcoal C, since depressions in the forest floor had more charcoal C than well-drained minor hills.
Sammendrag
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