Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2009
Forfattere
Arild AndersenSammendrag
I løpet av de siste 20 årene har iberiaskogsnegl utviklet seg til å bli et alvorlig skadedyr i hager. Et NFR-prosjekt har i løpet av de siste 4 årene kartlagt artens utbredelse og livssyklus i Norge. Mulige bekjempingsmidler, inkludert bruk av naturlige fiender som nematoder, er også undersøkt. Det er vist at en ved å anlegge hagen slik at den ikke er attraktiv for iberiaskogsnegl kan oppnå en nedgang i populasjonen på inntil 50 prosent.
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Anna Marie Holefors Lars Morten Opseth Anne Katrine Ree Rosnes Linda Ripel Lars Snipen Carl Gunnar Fossdal Jorunn Elisabeth OlsenSammendrag
In woody plants of the temperate zone short photoperiod (SD) leads to growth cessation. In angiosperms CONSTANS (CO) or CO-like genes play an important role in the photoperiodic control of flowering, tuberisation and shoot growth. To investigate the role of CO-like genes in photoperiodic control of shoot elongation in gymnosperms, PaCOL1 and PaCOL2 were isolated from Norway spruce. PaCOL1 encodes a 3.9 kb gene with a predicted protein of 444 amino acids. PaCOL2 encodes a 1.2 kb gene with a predicted protein of 385 amino acids. Both genes consist of two exons and have conserved domains found in other CO-like genes; two zinc finger domains, a CCT and a COOH domain. PaCOL1 and PaCOL2 fall into the group 1c clade of the CO-like genes, and are thus distinct from Arabidopsis CO that belongs to group la. Transcript levels of both PaCOL-genes appear to be light regulated, an increasing trend was observed upon transition from darkness to light, and a decreasing trend during darkness. The increasing trend at dawn was observed both in needles and shoot tips, whereas the decreasing trend in darkness was most prominent in shoot tips, and limited to the late part of the dark period in needles. The transcript levels of both genes decreased significantly in both tissues under SD prior to growth cessation and bud formation. This might suggest an involvement in photoperiodic control of shoot elongation or might be a consequence of regulation by light. (C) 2008 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.
Forfattere
Xiaoren Chen Sonja Klemsdal May Bente BrurbergSammendrag
The oomycete Phytophthora cactorum causes crown rot disease in strawberry, resulting in big economic losses. To unravel the molecular mechanisms that are involved in the pathogenicity of P. cactorum on strawberry, two strategies were followed, SSH cDNA library and effector specific differential display. Two cDNA libraries were made, enriched for P. cactorum genes upregulated during infection of strawberry or genes expressed in in vitro germinating cyst (a developmental stage essential for infection). Subsets of the libraries were sequenced and some genes relevant to pathogenicity were found. Recent characterization of four oomycete AVR/effector genes revealed that they encode proteins with conserved RxLR-dEER motifs required for translocating these effectors into host cells. The presence of such a conserved "tag" has provided a tool for discovering the otherwise structurally diverse effector genes, and several hundred have been discovered in newly sequenced oomycete genomes. To select RxLR effector genes from P. cactorum differential display was performed on eight cDNA populations, including four developmental stages (mycelium, sporangium, zoospore and germinating cyst) as well as four time points during infection (0, 3, 5, 7 days post-inoculation), using the RxLR and EER motif degenerate primers. So far, 124 bands representing potentially infection-related genes were excised from the DD gels, cloned and sequenced.
Forfattere
Lena Lie NymoenSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Arne Stensvand David M. Gadoury Håvard Eikemo Andrew Dobson M. Catherine Heidenreich Robert C. SeemSammendrag
Field trials at Ås, Norway and Geneva, NY, USA revealed a substantial impact of initial levels of powdery mildew (Podosphaera macularis) upon disease development in strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa). Five-row plots of 50 to 100 mildew-free plants (planting distance 0.45 × 1.2 m) were established each year within large grain fields with a minimum distance of 90 m between plots and were left untreated with fungicides. Beginning each season, plants at the center of each plot were inoculated with 0, 1, 10, or 100 mildew-infected leaflets. Uninoculated plots developed only trace levels of powdery mildew, despite nearby diseased plots and wild strawberries in both Norway and NY trials over 3 years. More rapid and severe disease development was observed in the inoculated plots; e.g., mildew was observed on 31, 36, 311, and 912 leaflets in the 0, 1, 10, and 100 plots, respectively, in Norway in year 1 of the trial, and reached only 6 leaves per plot in the 0 plot in year 2. Spatiotemporal analyses were subsequently performed, but the practical impact of the trials was to demonstrate long-lasting benefits of clean, mildew-free planting stock in commercial strawberry production, even in areas where the pathogen is endemic and the environment is very conducive to disease.
Sammendrag
This presentation is on modeling the effect of pre budbreak climatic conditions on ascospore maturation in the apple scab fungus (Venturia inaequalis).
Forfattere
Maria HerreroSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Helge BerglannSammendrag
This paper presents a simple system for efficient regulation under asymmetric information. Each firm’s income is controlled by a tax that depends on the firm’s own output and on a parameter construed as a share permit. These "shares of total expected output" lower a firm’s tax burden and are acquired in a competitive market. By employing this scheme, the planner only requires knowledge of marginal damage to induce the first-best outcome. Relative to a traditional cap-and-trade approach the system increases expected social welfare. If incentives for strategic behavior in the market exist, their impact may be scaled down.