Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2019
Forfattere
Milica Fotirić Akšić J. Mešarović U. Gašić J. Trifković D. Milatović Mekjell MelandSammendrag
Large amounts of fruit seeds are discarded yearly in different producing industries, which is a waste of a potentially valuable resource as well as a serious disposal problem. Plum is the most important type of commercial fruit in Serbia and seeds could be obtained as a byproduct of alcoholic beverage processing. Their exploitation should be greater and more information about cultivars’ kernels and their composition is required. Also, consumers’ tendency for “natural foods” arises a need for characterization of genotypes with high phenolic contents which could be used in processed food products. Discarding large amounts of plum seeds is a waste of potentially precious sources of phytochemicals. In order to characterize the phenolic profile of approximately 30 plum cultivars, phenolic acids and flavonoids, as potential antioxidants, were determined by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) coupled with hybrid mass spectrometry, which combines the Linear Trap Quadrupole (LTQ) and OrbiTrap MS/MS mass analyzer together with chemometric analysis. The UHPLC–LTQ OrbiTrap MS technique was proven to be reliable for the unambiguous detection of phenolic acids, their derivatives, and flavonoid aglycones based on their molecular masses and fragmentation pattern. The phenolic acids prevail over the flavonoids, with protocatechuic acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, ferulic acid, and chlorogenic acid as the most abundant ones. In addition, catechin was the most abundant flavonoid.
Sammendrag
High tunnels offer an intensive and protective production system for many fruit crops. In May 2014, two tractor-accessible Haygrove® multibay tunnel systems were installed on a 10% slope at the experimental farm at Nibio Ullensvang, western Norway (60°19’8.03”N, 6°39’14.31”E). Feathered 1-year old European plum cultivar ‘Opal’ on rootstock ‘St. Julien A’ were planted with two rows per bay at a spacing of 1.5×4 m during 2012. Trees were trained to a central leader as free spindles. In 2016, one tunnel was covered (150 μm clear classic polyethylene film) from before blooming until harvest and one tunnel only covered from mid-July till harvest. Different crop loads levels were established by blossom thinning (each flower 5, 10, and 15 cm apart), and fruitlet thinning (each fruitlet 5, 10, and 15 cm apart) at 10-12 mm fruitlet diameter at the end of June. Treatments were applied on single whole trees in a randomized complete block design with five replications. Climatic parameters were monitored inside and outside the tunnels from mid-June to mid-September. Fruit set, yield data, and fruit quality parameters for each treatment were recorded. Increased thinning distances reduced the fruit set and was highest when thinned at fruitlets. Thinning to 5 cm apart and covered the whole season and 10 cm apart covered one month gave the highest fruit sets of 17.9 and 14.3%, respectively. The yield was positively correlated with the fruit set response, 11.7 kg tree-1 (20 t ha-1) – 5 cm between fruitlets and short-covering versus 3.4 kg – 15 cm distance between flowers and long covering. Both blossom and fruitlet thinned trees when covered got a significant yield reduction compared to covered one month. Thinning at the fruitlet stage resulted in smaller fruits at the same crop level (41.3 g on average) compared to flower thinning for both covering periods (47.2 g). Qualitative traits of ’Opal’ plums (bright yellow ground colour, red over colour, and soluble solid contents) were weakly correlated with the fruit set and was high (16.7% average soluble solids content). The coverage from bloom to harvest time promoted maturity of the plums. From the preliminary results, it can be concluded that fruitlets thinning from uncovered trees and one month covering before harvesting gave the largest crop of premium fruits.
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Forfattere
Eva Narten HøbergSammendrag
Julekaker er bakverk som spesielt er knyttet til juletradisjonene. "De sju slagene" skal gjerne stå på kakebordet til jul, men det er ulike oppfatninger om hvilke kaker dette skal være. Eksempler på julekaker er fattigmann, goro, hjortetakk, krumkaker og berlinerkranser, men den opprinnelige julekaka var et hevet rugbrød med tørkede frukter.
Forfattere
Eva Narten HøbergSammendrag
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Den store etiske, økonomiske og miljømessige utfordringen med såkalt overproduksjon av sau er satt ettertrykkelig på dagsordenen. DN mener 3. oktober at problemet er enkelt å løse – nemlig ved å produsere mindre sau. Dette er en «kvikkfiks» som er svakt forankret i FNs bærekraftsmål, og som viser at DN ikke forstår fotosyntesen. FN sier at alle land skal bruke sine egne ressurser til å produsere mat. Norges arealressurser består av 95 prosent utmark, og halvparten av dette kan gi mat til beitedyr. Det er mulig å doble kjøttproduksjonen som er basert på norske utmarksbeiter. Da er det et paradoks at knapt 10 prosent av nordmenns kjøttforbruk utgjøres av sau og lam. På denne bakgrunn er det betimelig å snakke om underforbruk i stedet for overproduksjon.
Fagartikkel – Bringebærbarkgallmygg - den skjulte fienden
Jørn Haslestad, Rune Vereide, Nina Trandem
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