Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2020
Forfattere
Liv Guri Velle Siri Vatsø Haugum Pål Thorvaldsen Richard Thelford Bente Halvorsen Kristine Grimsrud Vigdis VandvikSammendrag
The combined impact of climate and land-use change poses increasing threats to nature and nature's benefit to people. The LandPress project makes use of the severe Norwegian winter-drought in 2014 as a case study; and combines geographical, ecological and social science approaches to explore the drivers of ecosystem resilience to drought die-back, the ecological processes and implications of drought responses, and management options for mitigating damage and costs. First, by means of remote sensing, we assess the role of climate, environment and land-use in regulating resilience of Calluna heaths to drought die-back locally and along a biogeographic gradient. We find that drought-damage in heather varies across landscapes, and can be quantified by aerial photos, allowing us to establish that both environment (slope) and land-use (prescribed fire) influence ecosystem resistance to drought. Second, we conduct a drought experiment to understand and assess the impacts of severe drought events on coastal heathland ecosystem dynamics and functioning. After the three first years we find only weak effects on plant communities, but distinct responses in plant functional traits suggesting that ecosystem resistance to drought decreases with time since the last prescribed fire. Third, we experimentally assess whether prescribed burning can be used to promote Calluna's resilience after severe drought, and find that prescribed burning efficiently removes damaged heather, stimulating post-fire vegetation development and restore ecosystem functioning after drought. Finally, we conduct a cost-benefit analysis to understand the contribution of land management to the provision of ecosystem services, with focus on securing low fire-risk landscapes. We find that management has more benefits than food production; land-use can reduce the extent of extreme drought, reduce fire risk and help us keep the ecosystem functioning. Our project demonstrates the importance of understanding how interactions between climate-change and land-use and is crucial in developing new management strategies.
Forfattere
Heleen A de Wit Ahti Lepistö Hannu Marttila Hannah Wenng Marianne Bechmann Gitte Blicher-Mathiesen Karin Eklöf Martyn N. Futter Pirkko Kortelainen Brian Kronvang Katarina Kyllmar Jelena RakovicSammendrag
Agricultural, forestry‐impacted and natural catchments are all vectors of nutrient loading in the Nordic countries. Here, we present concentrations and fluxes of total nitrogen (totN) and phosphorus (totP) from 69 Nordic headwater catchments (Denmark: 12, Finland:18, Norway:17, Sweden:22) between 2000 and 2018. Catchments span the range of Nordic climatic and environmental conditions and include natural sites and sites impacted by agricultural and forest management. Concentrations and fluxes of totN and totP were highest in agricultural catchments, intermediate in forestry‐impacted and lowest in natural catchments, and were positively related %agricultural land cover and summer temperature. Summer temperature may be a proxy for terrestrial productivity, while %agricultural land cover might be a proxy for catchment nutrient inputs. A regional trend analysis showed significant declines in N concentrations and export across agricultural (−15 μg totN L−1 year−1) and natural (−0.4 μg NO3‐N L−1 year−1) catchments, but individual sites displayed few long‐term trends in concentrations (totN: 22%, totP: 25%) or export (totN: 6%, totP: 9%). Forestry‐impacted sites had a significant decline in totP (−0.1 μg P L−1 year−1). A small but significant increase in totP fluxes (+0.4 kg P km−2 year−1) from agricultural catchments was found, and countries showed contrasting patterns. Trends in annual concentrations and fluxes of totP and totN could not be explained in a straightforward way by changes in runoff or climate. Explanations for the totN decline include national mitigation measures in agriculture international policy to reduced air pollution and, possibly, large‐scale increases in forest growth. Mitigation to reduce phosphorus appears to be more challenging than for nitrogen. If the green shift entails intensification of agricultural and forest production, new challenges for protection of water quality will emerge possible exacerbated by climate change. Further analysis of headwater totN and totP export should include seasonal trends, aquatic nutrient species and a focus on catchment nutrient inputs.
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Arne BardalenSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Arne BardalenSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Sammendrag
Denne rapporten gjør en gjennomgang av kompetansebehovet i landbrukets verdikjeder, inkludert matindustrien. Det er også en oversikt og gjennomgang av utdanningstilbudene, fra videregående til universitet, som er rettet mot landbruket, samt søkning og kandidatproduksjon i disse. Til slutt i rapporten er det en gjennomgang av gap mellom kompetansebehov, utdanningstilbud og rekruttering, og forslag til tiltak.
Forfattere
Oskar PuschmannSammendrag
Oppstartsintervju i forb. m. refoto i UKL Stølsvidda sommeren 2020 - og hvor det bl.a. etterlyses gml. bilder som grunnlag for refotograferingen.
Sammendrag
Denne rapporten gir en oversikt over begrepsapparater som er brukt i ulike systemer for landskapskartlegging og landskaps- eller stedsanalyser. I en gjennomgang av 14 forskjellige systemer har seks begreper eller begrepskomplekser blitt avdekket som ‘kritiske’ med tanke på ulike forståelser og meningsinnhold. Disse er landskapsanalyse, landskapsregion eller -(del-)område, landskapstype eller -gruppe, landskapskarakter, landskapskvalitet, -verdi, eller -ressurs, og landskapsbilde/-praksis. Vi foreslår primært tre mulige tilnærminger for å fremme utviklingen av en mer felles språkbruk på tvers av fagdisipliner: mer sporadiske, overordnede studier av begrepsbruken, fora for tverrfaglig dialog og diskusjon, og bredt anlagte tverrfaglige prosjekter.