Anders Nielsen
Avdelingsleder/forskningssjef
(+47) 913 50 435
anders.nielsen@nibio.no
Sted
Ås - Bygg O43
Besøksadresse
Oluf Thesens vei 43, 1433 Ås (Varelevering: Elizabeth Stephansens vei 21)
Forfattere
Gaute Velle Anders Bryn Kyrre Kausrud Lawrence R. Kirkendall Martin Malmstrøm Brett Kevin Sandercock Paul Ragnar Berg Kjetil Hindar Johanna Järnegren Erlend Birkeland Nilsen Eva Bonsak Thorstad Anders NielsenSammendrag
This report examines how co-occurring non-native species can interact to create cumulative impacts on ecosystems. Non-native species may interact in additive, antagonistic, or synergistic ways. Through literature review, we found theoretical foundations and empirical examples showing that such interactions often occur. Synergistic interactions are of particular concern. Certain ecosystems appear particularly susceptible, including agricultural landscapes, urban environments, riparian systems, shipping-influenced marine areas, and islands with naïve fauna. We conclude that cumulative effects are ecologically important, and that it would be beneficial to incorporate multispecies interactions into risk assessments of non-native species in Norway.
Forfattere
Linn Vassvik Anders Nielsen Michael Garratt Bjørn Arild Hatteland Joseph Chipperfield Jørund Johansen Silje Maria Midthjell Høydal Erik Trond AschehougSammendrag
Insect pollinators are important drivers of fruit quality and yield in horticultural systems. The global reduction in wild bee populations has increased the demand for managed honeybees, despite honeybees relatively low pollination efficiency. Here, we assessed how bee communities, bee behaviour, and orchard design in Norwegian apple orchards affects apple pollination success, an important determinant of apple quality. We placed pan and vane traps in 18 apple orchards, in six distinct locations, within the two main apple growing regions in Norway. We also tracked individual bees (honeybees, bumblebees, and solitary bees) throughout the apple flowering season, and recorded their flower handling time, number of flower visits, stigma contact, and movement between apple flowers. Finally, we calculated the seed set rate (ovules developed into seeds / total number of ovules) from 908 harvested apples to estimate pollination success. Our key finding is that pollination success was driven by the abundance of wild bees and overall orchard planting design. We found lower pollination success in block design orchards where a single cultivar is planted continuously over a large area, compared to orchards with an integrated design where compatible cultivars are planted within the orchard. We also found that stigma contact decreased as apple flowering progressed, and that solitary bees visited fewer flowers per foraging event but were potentially more thorough foragers. Our results highlight the importance of promoting wild bees in apple orchards while also ensuring there is compatible pollen in the orchards for optimal pollination.
Forfattere
Lawrence R. Kirkendall Daniel Flø Martin Malmstrøm Anders Nielsen Paul Ragnar Berg Anders Bryn Kjetil Hindar Johanna Järnegren Kyrre Kausrud Erlend Birkeland Nilsen Brett Kevin Sandercock Eva Bonsak Thorstad Gaute VelleSammendrag
VKM has assessed the potential risk to Norwegian biodiversity associated with the import of the Turkestan cockroach, Periplaneta lateralis, as live food for hobby animals. Populations of the cockroach are nearly always found in or near buildings, and non-native populations have never been observed in natural environments. No previous observations of P. lateralis have been reported for Norway and it is very unlikely the species will be able to establish and spread into Norwegian nature due to the low winter temperatures and short summers. Furthermore, VKM find that there is low risk associated with the potential effects on biodiversity, if it against all odds, were to establish in Norway. Therefore, VKM concludes that there is low risk associated with import and keeping of P. lateralis in relation to its potential negative effect on Norwegian biodiversity.
Divisjon for miljø og naturressurser
CANALLS Agroecological practices for sustainable transition
Agroecology covers all activities and actors involved in food systems. It also places the well-being of people (producers and consumers of crops and products) at its core. The EU-funded CANALLS project will focus on the agroecological zones and diverse farming systems in the humid tropics of Central and Eastern Africa. It will explore the complex environmental, social and economic challenges, which in some cases are exacerbated by conflict and high vulnerability. Moreover, it will advance agroecological transitions in these regions through multi-actor transdisciplinary agroecology Living Labs at eight sites in four countries. The focus will be on crops such as cocoa, coffee and cassava, which are vital for subsistence and economic development.
Divisjon for matproduksjon og samfunn
WINGS - Pollinatorvennlige kulturlandskap: Løsninger for forvaltning av leveområder under press
Pollinatorene er truet. Dette får konsekvenser både for det biologiske mangfoldet og matsikkerheten vår. I WINGS skal vi utvikle løsninger for å etablere mer pollinatorvennlige kulturlandskap.