Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2024
Forfattere
David Kniha Paul Eric Aspholm Ida Marie Luna Fløystad Ane-Sofie Bednarczyk Hansen Ingrid Helle Søvik Sari Magga Rolf Randa Lisbet H. Baklid Tuomo Ollila Snorre Hagen Hans Geir EikenSammendrag
Since 2005, the population of the trans-border brown bear (Ursus arctos) in Trilateral Park Pasvik-Inari (Norway-Finland-Russia) has been monitored by using genetic analyses of hair and faeces collected randomly in the field. A more systematic method using hair traps every fourth year was initiated in 2007 to collect brown bear hairs for genetic analysis. The method consisted of 56 hair traps in Norway, Finland and Russia in a 5 x 5 km2 grid cell system (ca 1400 km2). The project was repeated in 2011, 2015, 2019 and now in 2023. This season’s sampling was carried out in Pasvik (Norway) - Inari (Finland) area (43 squares, 1075 km2), using the same methodology as in the previous studies. A total of 97 samples were collected, where 45 samples came from Finland and 52 samples from Norway. In the bear specific analysis, 71 (73 %) of the 97 hair samples were positive. A complete DNA profile could be determined for 63 of the positive samples. In total, 22 different bear individuals were detected (10 females and 12 males). Of these 22 bears, 12 bears were detected in previous years, while 10 were previously unknown bears. In total, 13 bears were detected in Finland and 11 bears in Norway. This year’s sampling has the 2nd highest success rate in number of individuals detected per grid square, with 0,51 individual per grid square compared to 0,81 individuals in 2019 (highest success rate), 0,49 in 2015, 0,35 in 2011 and 0,42 in 2009. Our results showed that even with a smaller study area, the hair trap project every 4th year provides valuable information on the brown bear individuals in addition to a random sampling in the field (The National Monitoring Program for brown bears in Norway).
Forfattere
Ida Marie Luna Fløystad Ane-Sofie Bednarczyk Hansen David Kniha Paul Eric Aspholm Per John Aslaksen Per John Aslaksen Anti Jan Helmer Olsen Mahtte Ailu Utsi Gaup Ann Maret Eira Torbjørn Anderssen Elida Langstein Nora Blomseth Hans Geir EikenSammendrag
Systematiske undersøkelser av forekomsten av brunbjørn i et definert geografisk område kan utføres med luktstoff og hårfeller. I løpet av juni til august 2024 ble det samlet inn hår fra brunbjørn i 28 hårfeller med luktstoff i et 700 km2 stort område fra Karasjok (fra Karasjohka til Skoganvarre og Tana) og videre sammenhengende med 20 hårfeller i et 500 km2 stort område i Tana kommune. Det ble brukt et 5 x 5 km rutesystem med én hårfelle i hver rute, og der fellene ble flyttet etter én måned til en annen lokalitet innenfor samme rute. Hårrøttene ble analysert med 8 genetiske markører for individbestemmelse, i tillegg til en kjønnsspesifikk markør. Det ble totalt innsamlet 60 hårprøver fra Karasjok, der 47 var positive (78 %) for brunbjørn, og fra disse prøvene ble det påvist 8 ulike individer (6 hannbjørner, 2 hunnbjørner). Tre av de 8 påviste individene var nye bjørner (2 hannbjørner og 1 hunnbjørn) som ikke tidligere var registrerte. I Tana ble det totalt samlet inn 9 hårprøver, hvor kun én var positiv (11 %) i den bjørnespesifikke analysen, og denne prøven påviste en hannbjørn som var kjent fra tidligere år. Syv av de 9 hårprøvene hadde et utseende som ikke forbindes med bjørn. Samlet i Karasjok og Tana påviste hårfellemetoden med DNA-analyse av hårrøtter totalt 9 bjørner med tidsmessig informasjon innenfor et 1200 km2 stort område.
Sammendrag
Aim Effective management of non-indigenous species requires knowledge of their dispersal factors and founder events. We aim to identify the main environmental drivers favouring dispersal events along the invasion gradient and to characterize the spatial patterns of genetic diversity in feral populations of the non-native pink salmon within its epicentre of invasion in Norway. Location Mainland Norway and North Atlantic Basin. Methods We first conducted SDM using four modelling techniques with varying levels of complexity, which encompassed both regression-based and tree-based machine-learning algorithms, using climatic data from the present to 2050. Then, we used the triple-enzyme restriction-site associated DNA sequencing (3RADseq) approach to genotype over 30,000 high-quality single-nucleotide polymorphisms to elucidate the patterns of genetic diversity and gene flow within the pink salmon putative invasion hotspot. Results We discovered temperature- and precipitation-related variables drove pink salmon distributional shifts across its non-native ranges and that climate-induced favourable areas will remain stable for the next 30 years. In addition, all SDMs identified north-eastern Norway as the epicentre of the pink salmon invasion, and genomic data revealed that there was minimal variation in genetic diversity across the sampled populations at a genome-wide level in this region. While utilizing a specific group of ‘diagnostic’ SNPs, we observed a significant degree of genetic differentiation, ranging from moderate to substantial, and detected four hierarchical genetic clusters concordant with geography. Main Conclusions Our findings suggest that fluctuations in climate extreme events associated with ongoing climate change will likely maintain environmental favourability for the pink salmon outside its ‘native’/introduced ranges. Locally invaded rivers are themselves potential source populations of invaders in the ongoing secondary spread of pink salmon in Northern Norway. Our study shows that SDMs and genomic data can reveal species distribution determinants and provide indicators to aid in post-control measures and potentially inferences about their success.
Forfattere
Cornelya Klutsch Junbin Zhao Mikhail Mastepanov Hanna Marika Silvennoinen Juho Vuolteenaho Erling Fjelldal David Kniha Runar Kjær Snorre HagenSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Rune Andreassen Berit Hansen Liya Pokrovskaya Vladimir Zhakov Daniel Kling Cornelya Klutsch Ida Marie Luna Fløystad Hans Geir Eiken Snorre HagenSammendrag
Despite the high density of brown bears (Ursus arctos piscator) on the Kamchatka peninsula their genetic variation has not been studied by STR analysis. Our aim was, therefore, to provide population data from the Kamchatka brown bear population applying a validated DNA profiling system. Twelve dinucleotide STRs commonly used in Western-European (WE) populations and four additional ones (G10C, G10J, G10O, G10X), were included. Template input ≥ 0.2 ng was successfully amplified. Measurements of precision, stutter and heterozygous balance showed that markers could be reliably genotyped applying the thresholds used for genotyping WE brown bears. However, locus G10X revealed an ancient allele-specific polymorphism that led to suboptimal amplification of all 174 bp alleles (Kamchatka and WE). Allele frequency estimates and forensic genetic parameters were obtained from 115 individuals successfully identified by genotyping 434 hair samples. All markers met the Hardy-Weinberg and linkage equilibrium expectations, and the power of discrimination ranged from 0.667 to 0.962. The total average probability of identity from the 15 STRs was 1.4 ×10−14 (FST = 0.05) while the total average probability of sibling identity was 6.0 ×10−6. Relationship tests revealed several parent-cub and full sibling pairs demonstrating that the marker set would be valuable for the study of family structures. The population data is the first of its kind from the Kamchatka brown bear population. Population pairwise FST`s revealed moderate genetic differentiation that mirrored the geographic distances to WE populations. The DNA profiling system, providing individual-specific profiles from non-invasive samples, will be useful for future monitoring and conservation purposes
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Snorre Hagen David Kniha Geir-Harald Strand Cornelya Klutsch Inger Hansen Lisbet H. Baklid Svein EilertsenSammendrag
In Norway, grazing is a natural part of a sustainable use of rangeland, where coexistence with protected carnivores is a challenge. The twofold objective of Norwegian carnivore policy and management is that both grazing industries and predators must be considered and preserved at a sustainable level. This is pursued through area differentiation (i.e., zonation), with separate areas where predatory game and grazing animals respectively have priority. A consequence of this management regime is area challenges and marginal zone problems, which arise in the border areas between carnivore-priority and grazing-priority areas, where the occurrence of grazing animals and predators coincides. Especially in the border zone areas, there are therefore often conflicts between the two goals in large carnivore conservation policy and management. Commissioned by the Ministry of Agriculture and Food (LMD), the Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO) has examined how the area-differentiated management regime that Norway practices affects the loss of sheep and reindeer. This has been done by studying spatial-temporal and seasonal variation and development in carcass finds of sheep and reindeer both inside and outside the predatory priority areas and adjacent marginal zones in Norway.
Forfattere
Snorre Hagen Geir-Harald Strand David Kniha Inger Hansen Svein Eilertsen Lisbet H. Baklid Cornelya KlutschSammendrag
I Norge er reindrift en sesongbasert næring, der reinflokkene utnytter ulike beiteområder avhengig av årstiden. Tap av rein gjennom året er en av de største utfordringene i reindriften. Tapene reduserer produksjon, dyrevelferd, avlsmessig framgang og lønnsomhet. Mange utøvere mener at tap av rein til rovvilt er hovedutfordringen. Rovvilt tar rein til alle årstider og på alle typer beite, men ifølge reindriften er rovvilttrykket høyest på sommeren når det er flest rein og reinkalver på beite. I tillegg er det store utfordringer forbundet med å dokumentere tap til rovvilt basert på kadaverfunn. Reindriften mener at disse utfordringene er spesielt framtredende i barmarksperioden, og særlig om sommeren. I denne rapporten ser vi nærmere på sesongvariasjon i kadaverfunn av rein drept av fredet rovvilt. Hensikten er å belyse graden av «match-mismatch» mellom dokumenterte tap på de ulike årstidbeitene i form av kadaverfunn og forventet rovvilttrykk, basert på rovviltbiologi og reindriftenes erfaringer om rovvilttap gjennom året. Spesifikt undersøker vi om dokumentasjonsgraden er høyest om sommeren, slik man skulle forvente basert på reindriftenes tilbakemeldinger. Vi ser også etter tegn til underdokumentasjon, som bør følges opp med tiltak. Vi finner at dokumenterte rovviltdrepte reinkadavre forekommer i mye mindre grad om sommeren enn om vinteren. Dette er tilfelle selv om det om sommeren, etter kalving, er aller mest rein på beite og forventet høyest rovvilttrykk. Vi konkluderer derfor med at det bør ses på muligheter for å bedre dokumentasjonen av tap av rein til rovvilt.
Forfattere
Adriana Dorota Osinska Ahmed Bargheet Agnieszka Cuprys Ida Marie Luna Fløystad Hans Geir Eiken Kenneth William Lindstedt Veronika Kucharová Pettersen Arnfinn Sundsfjord Yngvild WastesonSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Dylan Grobler Juliana D. Klein Matthew L. Dicken Kolobe L, Mmonwa Michelle Soekoe Michaela van Staden Snorre Hagen Simo Maduna Aletta E. Bester-van der MerweSammendrag
Globally, hammerhead sharks have experienced severe declines owing to continued overexploitation and anthropogenic change. The smooth hammerhead shark Sphyrna zygaena remains understudied compared to other members of the family Sphyrnidae. Despite its vulnerable status, a comprehensive understanding of its genetic landscape remains lacking in many regions worldwide. The present study aimed to conduct a fine-scale genomic assessment of Sphyrna zygaena within the highly dynamic marine environment of South Africa's coastline, using thousands of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) derived from restriction site-associated DNA sequencing (3RAD). A combination of differentiation-based outlier detection methods and genotype-environment association (GEA) analysis was employed in Sphyrna zygaena. Subsequent assessments of putatively adaptive loci revealed a distinctive south to east genetic cline. Among these, notable correlations between adaptive variation and sea-surface dissolved oxygen and salinity were evident. Conversely, analysis of 111,243 neutral SNP markers revealed a lack of regional population differentiation, a finding that remained consistent across various analytical approaches. These results provide evidence for the presence of differential selection pressures within a limited spatial range, despite high gene flow implied by the selectively neutral dataset. This study offers notable insights regarding the potential impacts of genomic variation in response to fluctuating environmental conditions in the circumglobally distributed Sphyrna zygaena.