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Publikasjoner

NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.

2007

Sammendrag

The study aims to estimate the effects on the sheep farm economy of reducing grazing levels necessitated due to possible overgrazing by sheep on two important mountainous range pastures in southwest Norway. The pasture range in Setesdal Vesthei is grazed by sheep from distant farms located at Jæren (south of Stavanger), while south-western Hardangervidda is grazed by sheep from local farms and distant farms located along the coast. Farmers utilizing the pasture areas combine sheep with dairy cows, off farm work or businesses, while the local farms combine it with orchards. A Linear Programming (LP) model for specialized sheep farms based on farm records has been developed to study effects of reaching various grazing capacity levels. Reducing the number of sheep in Setesdal Vesthei by 10 percent would lower farm income per breeding stock animal with € 15 to € 119 and with € 35 to € 211 for Hardangervidda. The decrease in annual income will range from € 15,00 to € 119,00 in total for the farms using Setesdal Vesthei. The economic effects depend much on meat production per ewe. Replacing unilateral sheep grazing with a mixed system involving suckling goats and heifers is discussed to deal with the problems of encroachment and increasing elevation of the alpine tree-line.

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Sammendrag

Alle næringer er utsatt for risiko. Det er vanlig å anta at de fleste personer, også bedriftsledere og aksjonærer, har risikoaversjon. De foretrekker en sikker inntekt framfor en usikker inntekt med samme forventning. På den andre siden er profitt en belønning for å ta risiko. Dersom en ikke er villig til å ta noe risiko, kan en heller ikke vente å oppnå høy profitt. Formålet med dette notatet er å sammenligne risikoeksponering og risikostyring i havbruk og jordbruk. Vi har sett på to hovedtemaer: 1. Hvilke typer risiko som ulike driftsgreiner innen akvakultur og jordbruk har til felles og hvilke som er spesielle for enkelte næringer og driftsgreiner, herunder «grovt» gradere samt kvantifisere størrelsen/betydningen til ulike typer risiko. 2. Hvilke virkemidler som ulike næringer og driftsgreiner benytter eller kan benytte for å styre risiko, og i hvilken grad det er institusjonelle eller andre forhold ved næringer og driftsgreiner som gjør at potensielt effektive virkemidler ikke blir benyttet. […]

Sammendrag

This article examines innovation processes in forest recreational services on the basis of case studies in five European countries with differing institutional backgrounds of forest ownership and access rights. The analysis reveals that forest-related recreation services are developed under varying institutional conditions and on public as well as private land. Ideas for innovations in recreational services may come from within but often outside the forestry sector. Financing is provided from public and private sources. Both public and private spheres have important roles in providing natural, human and financial resources and usually a network of public and private actors are involved in innovation processes. Of particular importance are cross-sectoral interactions between forestry and tourism. Greater institutional support is needed for the development of forest-related recreation services because the field is at an early stage of development. It is concluded that support should focus on providing ideas and financial resources for product development and on facilitating cross-sectoral interaction between forestry and tourism actors. A particular need is seen for development of models for durable interaction between land owners and tourism operators on a regional scale.