Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2026
Forfattere
Maarten de Groot Tine Hauptman Kristjan Ait Flavius Bălăcenoiu Eckehard G. Brockerhoff Luka Capuder Gyorgy Csoka Mirza Dautbasic Massimo Faccoli Juraj Galko Jean Claude Grégoire Jaroslav Holuša Mats Jonsell Boris Hrašovec Hervé Jactel Magdalena Kacprzyk Urs Kamm Markus Kautz Maartje J. Klapwijk Marija Kolšek Paal Krokene Diana Marčiulynienė Markus Melin Marton Paulin Milan Pernek Jason Sumner-Kalkun Floor Vodde David Williams Tiina Ylioja Gernot HochSammendrag
In the last few decades, bark beetle outbreaks have increased in European forests, triggered by extreme weather events, such as drought and windstorms. A core element of integrated pest management to control outbreaks are salvage logging and sanitation felling, i.e., the timely removal or treatment of potential brood material and already infested trees after disturbance events. Associated with these management operations as well as with regular, planned thinning and cutting, felling residues, such as treetops, branches and stumps that remain in the forest provide potentially suitable breeding material for bark beetles and may trigger further outbreak events. Although felling residue management is part of regular forest management in most of Europe, no overview exists on its use throughout the continent. To fill this gap, we gathered forest health experts from 20 European countries and used a questionnaire to provide information on felling residue management in the context of forest protection in managed forests. Relevant legislation in these countries was reviewed for regulations concerning this topic. We found that most countries have felling residue management in their legislation and/or perform it in practice. In 12 of the 20 countries, felling residue management is being applied to manage bark beetles, particularly in areas that have experienced large-scale outbreaks in the last few decades. Felling residues are mainly managed in forests dominated by Norway spruce ( Picea abies L. Karst) and pines ( Pinus spp.) (in 19 and 17 of the countries, respectively). The most frequently used management methods on a European level were piling or mulching of felling residues. These methods were used in 14 and 16 of the countries, respectively. Besides bark beetle management, use of residues for bioenergy (4 countries) and biodiversity conservation (6 countries) was reported. The diversity of felling residue management practices across Europe may reflect differences in forest policies and climatic gradients that are affecting bark beetle outbreak risks. This overview presents the variety of felling residue management applied across 20 European countries, highlighting the reasons for and implications of its use, as well as further research needs.
Forfattere
Paal Krokene Beatrix Alsanius Jorunn Børve Daniel Flø Christer Magnusson Mogens Nicolaisen Line Nybakken Johan A. Stenberg Selamawit Tekle Iben M. Thomsen Sandra A. I. Wright May SæthreSammendrag
EPPO-listed plant pests were assessed and ranked according to the overall risk they pose to Norwegian plant health. Based on probability of entry, probability of establishment (including spread), and potential impact on plant health, pests were classified into five risk classes: very high, high, moderate, low, and very low risk. In this first progress report VKM has assessed 61 pests: 24 fungi, 12, nematodes, 11 insects, eight viruses, and six bacteria. None of these were assessed to pose very high risk, while one pest (Fusarium euwallaceae) was assessed to pose high risk. Six pests were assessed to pose moderate risk: Dendroctonus ponderosae, Tuta absoluta, Phymatotrichopsis omnivora, Verticillium dahliae hop strains, Xanthomonas euvesicatoria pv. euvesicatoria, and Xanthomonas euvesicatoria pv. perforans. The remaining pests were assessed to pose low risk (16 pests) or very low risk (38 pests) to Norwegian plant health.
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Paal Krokene Beatrix Alsanius Jorunn Børve Daniel Flø Christer Magnusson Mogens Nicolaisen Line Nybakken Johan A. Stenberg Selamawit Tekle Iben M. Thomsen Sandra A. I. Wright May SæthreSammendrag
EPPO-listed plant pests were assessed and ranked according to the overall risk they pose to Norwegian plant health. Based on probability of entry, probability of establishment (including spread), and potential impact on plant health, pests were classified into five risk classes: very high, high, moderate, low, and very low risk. In this second progress report VKM has assessed 69 pests: 53 insects and mites, eight bacteria, four viruses, three fungi, and one chromista. No pests were assessed to pose very high or high risk. Six pests were assessed to pose moderate risk: Choristoneura fumiferana, Dendrolimus superans, Grapholita packardi, Potexvirus pepini, Tobamovirus fructirugosum, and Xylella fastidiosa. The remaining 63 pests were assessed to pose low risk (20 pests) or very low risk (43 pests) to Norwegian plant health.
Sammendrag
Overvåkingsprogrammet, som er finansiert av Mattilsynet, undersøkte i 2025 om karanteneskadegjøreren furuvednematode (Bursaphelenchus xylophilus) var til stede i hogstavfall fra furu eller i furubukker av slekten Monochamus, kjent som vektorer for B. xylophilus. I programmets delaktivitet som omfattet kartlegging av furuvednematode i hogstavfall ble det tatt 404 flisprøver fra hogstavfall og vindfall av furu (Pinus sylvestris) med tegn på angrep av furubukker i slekten Monochamus. Prøvene ble tatt i Akershus, Innlandet og Østfold. Flisprøvene ble inkubert ved 25 °C i to uker, før nematoder ble ekstrahert med Baermann-trakt og undersøkt i mikroskop. Furuvednematoden B. xylophilus ble ikke påvist, men den naturlig forekommende arten Bursaphelenchus mucronatus kolymensis ble oppdaget i åtte flisprøver. Siden overvåkingen av furuvednematode startet i 2000, har alle de 10 141 analyserte flisprøvene vært negative for furuvednematode. I programmets delaktivitet som omfattet kartlegging av furuvednematode i furubukker ble feller med kjemiske attraktanter for fangst av voksne, flygende furubukker satt opp nær vareimportsteder i Akershus, Oslo, Vestfold, Rogaland og Trøndelag. Ingen Monochamus-biller ble fanget, noe som kan tyde på at varer importert til de overvåkte importstedene ikke inneholdte levende Monochamus-biller. Fraværet av Monochamus-biller i fellene tyder også på at det var lite naturlig hjemmehørende Monochamus-biller i overvåkingsområdene.
Forfattere
Anne Straumfors Anani Komlavi Afanou Oda Astrid Haarr Foss Abdelhameed Elameen Mikkel Meyn Liljegren Hans Geir EikenSammendrag
Abstract Background: Pesticides are used in greenhouse cultivation to control fungi and pests and to shape plant growth. This influences microbial communities and may increase the selective pressure for resistant species development. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a growing global health challenge, and while AMR dispersal through soil and water is well studied, the role of bioaerosols as AMR vectors remains insufficiently explored. Objectives: To explore the link between chemical pesticide and the prevalence of AMR genes in aerosols from greenhouses using pesticides and those not using them. Methods: Forty-nine fullshift personal samples of inhalable dust were collected in eight greenhouses from 2021 and 2024. Five greenhouses used chemical pesticides and three did not. DNA was extracted and screened for the presence of 45 clinically relevant AMR genes using HT-qPCR. Results: Twenty of the 45 screened genes were detected. Greenhouses using pesticides showed significantly higher AMR gene levels than those not using chemicals. Several genes, particularly β-lactam and tetracycline resistance genes, occurred in high concentrations, including extreme values exceeding 60,000 gene copies/m³. This suggest that pesticide-using greenhouses may represent a greater risk for AMR dispersal. In contrast, greenhouses without chemical pesticide showed lower and more stable AMR gene levels. Factors other than pesticide application may also contribute, such as import of treated plants, soil and fertilizer materials, plant types or individual workers. Further research is needed to assess the health risks for greenhouse workers and to support the development of effective strategies for preventing and controlling AMR spread.
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Dalphy Ondine Camira Harteveld Abdelhameed Elameen Simo Maduna Adam Vivian-Smith Andrea Podavkova Sabine Oettl Stefanie Maria Primisser Jorunn BørveSammendrag
Small, superficial rot spots occurring around lenticels postharvest on apple in Norway have not been identified but were assumed to be underdeveloped Neofabraea lesions. Fungal isolation from such spots on fruit from the 2022 season revealed both Neofabraea perennans and Ramularia spp., identified by B-tubulin and ITS sequencing, respectively. In the 2023 season, isolations were made from fruit with spots resembling dry lenticel spot caused by Ramularia mali. The aim of this study was to identify the Ramularia species associated with the postharvest fruit spots in Norway. Multiple gene regions of five Norwegian isolates (E20, E21 from 2022; 13,15 and 18 from 2023) and three reference isolates, R. mali, R. eucalypti, and R. collo-cygni, were sequenced and used for phylogenetic analysis. The Norwegian isolates were distinct from the included reference isolates, but clustered with other Ramularia species. Isolates 13, 18 and E21 clustered with Ramularia vizellae, while isolates 15 and E20 were most closely related to Ramularia phacae-frigidae. Isolate E20 was sequenced using the Oxford Nanopore Technologies MinION platform. Pathogenicity was assessed in a field inoculation study using isolate E21, resulting in typical spot development on inoculated fruit. Ramularia vizellae has previously been reported from dead apple leaf litter and other woody hosts in the Netherlands and Iran, while R. phacae-frigidae was originally described from Phaca frigida in Switzerland. Neither species has previously been reported in association with apple fruit spotting. While Ramularia mali has caused outbreaks on apple in several European countries, recent studies hypothesize that the symptoms may be caused by a species complex with regional variation. The present results identify candidate species contributing to this complex in Norway and highlight the need for further studies to improve species delimitation and pathogenicity.
Forfattere
Melissa MagerøySammendrag
Showet får barna oppleve hvor fantastiske planter egentlig er! Vi utforsker skjulte fargene som finnes inne i plantene rundt oss, og lager magiske “rødkål regnbuer” som skifter farge rett foran øynene deres. Barna får se hvordan planter kan være fulle av overraskelser, hemmeligheter og fantastiske farger – akkurat som små natur-tryllekunstnere.