Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2001
Forfattere
Ann Norderhaug Ingvild AustadSammendrag
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Forfattere
Svein Ole BorgenSammendrag
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Sammendrag
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Forfattere
Tore SkrøppaSammendrag
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Forfattere
Celine Rebours Chantal Billard Joel CossonSammendrag
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Forfattere
Celine Rebours Chantal Billard Joel CossonSammendrag
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Forfattere
Karen Refsgaard Arild VatnSammendrag
Over the last years many new methods have become available for treating wastewater. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the potential for cost reductions by a transition from a household strategy (HS) to a recipient strategy (RS). We will further discuss reasons for why municipalities still base their policies on the former strategy. Results from a case study show that an RS is clearly better than an HS from a standard allocative efficiency point of view. In addition, it is more flexible. However, such an assessment underestimates important factors. First, transaction costs following a transition from HS to RS may reduce profits substantially. Secondly, in most cases there will be both gainers and losers following a transition. Who they are, will, however, depend on the chosen rules for distribution costs under the RS. Thus, this ex ante uncertainty constitutes an impedement for change since action must be expected first of all from the potential gainers. Finally, since changes in the rights structure are involved, the economic gain obtained may not be great enough to compensate the losers, if this is a necessary prerequisite. The perceived loss may be much higher than the monetary loss as calculated in the standard analysis. This argument is based on the observed deviations between WTP and WTA in the literature. Most probably the existing municipal organizations have to initiate the process if a change is to come about. However lack of knowledge and professonal traditions concerning the planning of wastewater systems may delay or obstruct such a change.
Forfattere
Helen K. French Anne Kristine Søvik Berit Swensen Tor Simon Pedersen Even Gillebo Nils- Otto Kitterød Wai Kwok Wong Jon Olav SkøyenSammendrag
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Forfattere
Lars Olav Eik Leif Jarle Asheim Tormod ÅdnøySammendrag
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Forfattere
Lars Olav Eik Leif Jarle AsheimSammendrag
Sheep and goat farming systems in this part of Europe are based on extensive use of non-fertilised natural pastures and a long barn-feeding period. One million ewes are kept for the production of meat and wool while 60,000 goats are kept mainly for themilk. The local demand for organic meat and milk is increasing gradually and 10 percent of the agricultural area is projected to be managed according to organic principles by 2010. This paper discusses the feasibility of introducing cashmere goats in an organic sheep farming production system, based on economical calculations in a Linear Programming model. Significant movements from sheep to cashmere goats production are entirely as slaughtering of eight months old kids (11 kg) is unprofitable, assuming equal labour input of goats and sheep. Yields of meat and cashmere could be improved by feeding the kids until 20 months (19 kg) so possibly making goats as profitable as sheep. The benefits of high value cashmere production and controlling bush encroachment by goats favour a mixed farming system. If yield-levels of roughage can be maintained at 75% without artificial fertilizers and challenges in housing of small ruminants are solved, a shift away from conventional farming is profitable given the current support for organic farming.