Hans Blom
Forsker
Forfattere
Niklas Lönnell Kristian Hassel Irina Goldberg Sanna Huttunen Ágúst H. Bjarnason Hans Blom Tomas Hallingbäck Lars Hedenäs Torbjørn Høitomt Kati Pihlaja Tommy Prestø Kimmo Syrjänen Lars Söderström Tauno Ulvinen Henrik WeibullSammendrag
We present an updated checklist for all bryophyte species known to occur in the Nordic countries and list occurrences for each taxon from Iceland, the Faroe Islands, Denmark, Svalbard, Jan Mayen, Norway (mainland), Sweden and Finland. Altogether 1276 bryophyte species are included for the region. The checklist includes vernacular names in Icelandic, Danish, Norwegian, Swedish and Finnish. The following new nomenclatural combinations are proposed: Scapania scandica var. parvifolia comb. nov., Andreaea alpina var. hartmanii comb. nov., Didymodon islandicus comb. nov., Ephemerum serratum var. stoloniferum comb. nov., Hygroamblystegium varium var. fluviatile comb. nov., Hygroamblystegium varium var. tenax comb. nov., Ptychostomum arcticum var. purpurascens comb. nov., Ptychostomum intermedium var. nitidulum comb. nov. and Ptychostomum warneum var. mamillatum comb. nov.
Sammendrag
1. The results of nature restoration efforts have been characterized as notoriously unpredictable. Many variables impact the trajectory of species communities towards recovery, and ecological theory that takes traits, habitat configuration and scale into account, can improve models. However, the most important questions regarding the predictability of species community restoration may be related to stochasticity. 2. We investigated the assembly of a cyanolichen community in a chronosequence consisting of 88 new forest patches (30–140+ years old) comprising today 0.4% of a 170 km2 former treeless heathland area in south-western Norway. Two complete inventories were carried out 12 years apart, and we (1) tested inferences on colonization status and recovery time based on the first inventory only; (2) investigated the recovery of the lichen community by changes in species richness, species density and composition at three different spatial scales; and (3) discussed how dispersal capacity and stochasticity affect community recovery in general. 3. Colonization of sites by lichen species exceeded extinctions in young sites but not in old sites, and in the second inventory, the richness of species weighed by occurrences no longer differed significantly between young and old sites at landscape scale. However, the differences between old and young sites depended on the spatial scale and method of measurement. 4. In accordance with inferences based only on the first inventory, colonization and extinction dynamics indicated that recovery of species richness in our study system will take 90–120 years at the landscape scale, whereas recovery of species composition was difficult to determine due to idiosyncratic development among sites. 5. Synthesis and applications. Using species composition as a template for the evaluation of restoration recovery in systems with a high degree of stochastic colonization and extinction is problematic, particularly at finer scales. Ideally, comparisons of restoration and reference communities should therefore be at large enough spatial scale to cancel out the major effects of stochasticity at finer scales. Furthermore, we suggest that a complete recovery of species numbers may not be needed as an indicator of restoration success if species richness measurements indicate that communities are en route to recovery.
Sammendrag
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