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Publikasjoner

NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.

2001

Sammendrag

In Koster archipelago (northern Skagerrak, Sweden) the harbour seal population increased from approximately 350 to more than 1000 individuals between 1988 and 1998. During the same period, sealworm (Pseudoterranova decipiens) abundance in the most heavily infected fish species, bullrout (Myoxocepahulus scorpius) and sea scorpion (Taurulus bubalis), did not increase. Since harbour seals do not normally feed on those cottids an infection route via cod (Gadus morhua), which consume cottids, is proposed. The abundance of sealworm in the final host is therefore related to the probability of cod preying on infected cottids prior to being preyed upon by seals. Our model predicts that the abundance of larval sealworm in benthic fishes is not related to the number of seals when the colony is over a specific threshold size.

Sammendrag

De-icing chemicals used during the winter season are potential pollutants for the groundwater underneath the new main airport of Norway. Several field experiments examining the transport and degradation of propyleneglycol (PG), potassium acetate (KAc) and non-reactive tracers were performed in a lysimeter trench under natural snowmelting conditions. Chemicals were applied underneath the snow cover and the transport in a heterogeneous coarse sandy soil was examined by extracting soil water from 30 or 40 suction cups placed at five depths between 0.4 and 2.4 m depth. Transport and degradation was analysed by spatial moment calculations. The de-icing chemicals showed the same basic displacement as chemically inactive tracers, an initial fast transport during the melting period followed by a period of stagnation throughout the summer season. PG seemed to be displaced to greater depths compared to non-reactive tracer after the first application. However, computer simulations of transport and degradation in a heterogeneous unsaturated soil showed that decreasing degradation constants with depth can generate a downward movement of the centre of mass without any flow occurring in the system. Potassium acetate showed some adsorption, with calculated retardation factors of approximately 1.3 and 1.2. The degradation rate constant for PG was calculated to be 0.015 day"1 in 1994 and increased to 0.047 day"1 in the second application made in 1995. The degradation rate constant for acetate was estimated to be 0.02 day"1. Increased manganese concentrations seem to be a good indicator of degradation of PG and Ac.

Sammendrag

Two chitininolytic enzyme encoding genes i.e. ech42 and nag1 from Trichoderma atrovirude (harzianum) strain P1 have been introduced into barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) cv Golden Promise using the biolistic transformation method. The aleurone-specific promoter, Ltp2 from barley and CaMV 35S promoter with enhancer (2x35S) were used to control the expression of desired genes to obtain both tissue-specifical and constitutive expression. Four gene constructs, the ech42 and nag1 genes regulated by the two promoters Ltp2 and 2x35S, were constructed. For selection, plasmid pDM803 containing the bar gene was co-transformed with the gene-containing constructs. Both PCR and southern blot analyses were conducted to screen the regenerated plants. Four transgenic T0 lines were identified from the 11 experiments performed. Two of the 4 lines produced were Ltp2/ech 42/nosT transformants while the remaining 2 line were 2X35S/ech42/35ST and 2X35S/nag1/35ST transformants respectively. Relative transgene copy number was estimated using TaqMan quantitative real-time PCR assay. Study on the inheritance of the transgenes in T1 progeny revealed a Mendelian 3:1 segregation pattern in 2 of the 7 transgenic barley progenies indicating the transgene was integrated in one single locus and transmitted to T1 generation in the 2 transformants. Abnormal morphology was also observed among the transfoemants.

Sammendrag

Steinmel fra pukkverk, overskuddsjord og slam fra renseanlegg er brukt til å lage jordblandinger til grøntanlegg. Det er gjennomført forsøk jordblandinger basert på to typer steinmel (Vinterbro og Hanekleiva) og to typer jord (Steinskogen og Hanekleiva). Forsøkene er gjennomført i plasthus. Det var bedre vekst i blandinger av sur skogsjord (Steinskogen) og steinmel fra Vinterbro enn i blandinger av svakt alkalisk skogsjord (Hanekleiva) og steinmel fra Hanekleiva. Best vekst ble oppnådd med 2 deler jord fra Steinskogen og 1 del steinmel fra Vinterbro, mens like deler av jord og steinmel fra de samme stedene også ga godt resultat. Jordblanding med like deler av sur skogsjord (Steinskogen) og steinmel (Vinterbro) hadde stort luftfylt porevolum og god vannlagringsevne, og ble vurdert å ha gode egenskaper for bruk til grøntanlegg. Innblanding av kalkrikt VEAS-slam ga pH i området 7,4-8,1 i jordblandingene. Blanding av sur skogsjord med steinmel ga også pH over 7 uten innblanding av slam. Selv om det i raigras ble oppnådd stigende vekst av raigras opp til 25 vol. % slaminnblanding, viste forsøkene med raigras og ulike grøntanleggsplanter at 10 vol. % VEAS-slam ga tilstrekkelige mengder nitrogen i forhold til normalt planteopptak. Surjordsvekster som sølvvier og vanlig bjørk trivdes dårlig i disse jordblandingene med høy pH, mens arter som rynkerose, buskmure, svartsurbær og junisøtmispel hadde god vekst.

Sammendrag

Etter flommen i 1995 har det vært gjennomført omfattende reparasjonstiltak på Øksna for å sette i stand arealer som var ødelagt av erosjon. Virkninger av forskjellige reparasjonstiltak på avlingsnivået i korn har vært undersøkt i vekstsesongene 1999-2001. I 2001 var det tilstrekkelig fuktighet for god plantevekst gjennom hele vekstsesongen. Åkeren sto godt fram til 16. august da det kom sterk vind og nedbør. Det oppsto da stråknekk og byggavlingene ble redusert av dette. Havreavlingene var imidlertid store og lite redusert av aksknekk. Ved kombinasjon av visuelle symptomer, planteanalyser og jordanalyser, ble det påvist områder med sikre mangler av et eller flere av næringsstoffene: fosfor, kalium, magnesium, kalsium og sink. Det ble dessuten konstatert generelt surjordsproblem med for lav pH i tillegg til mangler av næringsstoffer. Mangler på ett eller flere næringsstoffer kan langt på vei forklare avlingsforskjellene som er registrert på Øksna. Reparasjonstiltakene har gitt jord med stor vannlagringsevne, og fysiske analyser av jorda viser at det ikke skulle være begrensninger i fysiske egenskaper som forårsaker avlingsforskjellene.

Sammendrag

In 1998 soil and plant samples of grain and straw from agricultural catchments in Norway, Latvia and Estonia were sampled. No evidence of lack of plant macronutrients was found. Although use of phosphorus and potassium fertiliser is uncommon in Latvia and Estonia, the concentrations of these nutrients in grain samples were not significantly different from Norwegian samples. Analyses of straw samples indicated that potassium fertilisation caused a luxury uptake of potassium in the Norwegian catchments. The calcareous soils with high pH in Latvia and Estonia have higher risks for deficiency of manganese and zinc, than the slightly acid soils in Norway. However, the analyses of pH and extractable Mn in soils, and uptake of Mn in grain indicated that Mn deficiency also could appear in Norwegian soils with pH > 6.3. Although few samples with Zn-concentrations diagnostic for deficiency were found, the correlation between Zn in grain and extractable Zn in soils (0-5 mg Zn/kg) showed that the availability of Zn was of importance for plant uptake. The investigation showed that despite great differences in soils, and fertiliser use between Norway and the Baltic countries Latvia and Estonia, the nutritional value of the cereals was similar.