Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2009
Sammendrag
Bioforsk Jord og Miljø har bred ekspertise på Vanndirektivet. Vi rådgir forvaltningen og utfører FoU og oppdrag innen blant annet miljøovervåking, tilførselsberegninger og tiltaksanalyser. Vi har kompetanse på både overflatevann og grunnvann.
Forfattere
Håkon BorchSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Belachew Asalf Tadesse Håvard Eikemo Andrew Dobson Anne-Marte Tronsmo Cecilie Hagen David M. Gadoury Robert C Seem Arne StensvandSammendrag
Several non-chemical control agents are now registered and available for control of powdery mildews. However, there is little or no information about their efficacy against strawberry powdery mildew, caused by Podosphera aphanis. Trials were conducted to compare the performance of non-chemical control agents to chemical fungicides under laboratory, greenhouse and high plastic tunnel conditions. The treatments included: AQ10 (active ingredient is Ampelomyces quisqualis, a hyperparasite on powdery mildew), AQ10 + Silwet Gold (organosilicon adjuvant, enhances distribution and wetting), Vacciplant (active ingredient is laminarin, an extract from brown algae), JMS Stylet oil (mineral oil), Rape seed oil + detergent, Thiovit (wettable sulphur), Topas 100 EC (penconazole) + Candit (kresoximmethyl) and water as control. In the greenhouse, one quarter of the recommended dose was used either daily in one experiment or three times per week in another. In the field, half of recommended rates were applied twice weekly. Both in the greenhouse and tunnel experiments, the chemical control Topas + Candit and AQ10 + Silwet Gold significantly reduced disease severity. AQ10,Vacciplant and Thiovit were moderately effective when applied daily in the greenhouse trial, but not significantly different from the water control when applied three time per week in the greenhouse and twice a week in the tunnel experiment. In the plastic tunnel, the JMS stylet oil and Rape seed oil + detergent treatments caused severe phytotoxic reaction (necrosis). AQ10 used alone had the poorest performance in the tunnel. This indicated that the spreader either enhances the effect of AQ10 and/or the spreader itself had an effect. In laboratory experiments with powdery mildew grown on strawberry leaflets in Petri dishes, spore germination after treatments with water, Stylet oil, Candit and Thiovit were 74, 53, 8 and 7%, respectively. The effect of Thiovit found in the laboratory was not reflected in the greenhouse and plastic tunnel trials. We will further explore the protectant, curative and eradicative effects of the compounds included here.
Forfattere
Hans Martin Hanslin Trygve S. AamlidSammendrag
An absolute condition for high-quality golf courses and athletic fields is an adequate fertilizer programme. Many organic fertilizers, some of them also containing biostimulants, are on the market. Our objective was to evaluate some of these products under Scandinavian climate conditions. The fertilizers / biostimulants Gro-Power®, Turf Food, Golf Algin, Bio Kombi, MaxicropTM and FlexTM were compared with Arena® mineral fertilizer (control) on a USGA green in 2005 (grow-in year) and 2006; and the products Golf Algin, ProGreen, Activo and FlexTM were compared with Fullgjødsel® mineral fertilizer (control) on a sand-based football pitch in the same years. Within each experiment, all treatments received the same amount of nitrogen (N) rate per year (2.5/1.7 kg N (100 m2)-1 on the golf green and 3.0/2.8 kg N (100 m2)-1 on the pitch in 2005/2006, respectively. Inputs of other nutrients varied depending on product tested. In 2005, products were applied at two or four week intervals according to their label, but in 2006, all products were applied at biweekly intervals. On average for the two year experimental period, none of the organic fertilizers / biostimulants caused significant improvements in turfgrass overall impression compared with the control mineral fertilizer treatments. Turf Food and ProGreen enhanced turfgrass grow-in on the green and pitch, respectively, but when used as maintenance fertilizer, Turf Food, Golf Algin, Bio Kombi and Flex produced turf of significantly less quality than the the control. Disadvantages of the test products were most conspicuous in spring when N release was restricted due to low soil temperatures and in autumn when the products resulted in significantly more diseases than the mineral fertilizer control. The only product that resulted in significantly better turfgrass colour and tended to give higher overall impression than the control was the humic acid based Gro-Power® when combined with Arena® at two week intervals; however, the inclusion of Gro-Power® products also increased fertilizer costs by 72% in the grow-in year and 124% in the subsequent year. In conclusion, light and frequent applications of mineral fertilizer should always form the nutritional basis for sand-based greens and football pitches in Scandinavia. Certain organic fertilizers and biostimulants may become useful supplements for turfgrass grow-in and as maintenance fertilizers during the warmest summer period.
Forfattere
Trygve S. Aamlid Hans Martin HanslinSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Trygve S. Aamlid Oiva Niemelainen Maire Rannikko Olav Noteng Michael Waldner Terje Haugen Sanni Junnila Trond Olav Pettersen Tatsiana EspevigSammendrag
This report presents second year results and recommendations based on a two year project evaluating the plant growth regulator Primo MAXX® (trineexapac-ethyl) on Nordic golf courses.
Forfattere
Trygve S. Aamlid Oiva NiemelainenSammendrag
The main objective of this project was to provide documentation for potential registration of Primo MAXX® for use on Nordic golf courses. The project started in 2007 with trials according to Good Experimental Practise standard at Landvik, Norway and Lepaa, Finland. Primo MAXX® was applied at monthly rates varying from 0.2 to 0.8 L ha-1 on greens and 0.5 to 3.0 L ha-1 on fairways. These treatments resulted in average clipping yield reductions of 18% on bluegrass/fescue fairways and 21% on creeping bentgrass greens. Growth suppression during the first two weeks after application was often followed by a rebound effect during the remaining two weeks until next application. While significant losses in turfgrass quality occurred at rates 1.0 L ha-1 and higher the fairway trial at Landvik, monthly applications of at least 1.5 L ha-1 ha resulted in less snow mould (Microdochium nivale) and faster spring green-up in 2008 in the fairway trial at Lepaa. Because of the discoloration and rebound effects in 2007, Primo MAXX® was applied at lower rates but higher frequencies in new trials established 2008. In a green trial at Landvik, weekly or biweekly applications of 0.15, 0.30 and 0.45 L ha-1 were compared with an unsprayed check. On average for application rates and frequencies, Primo MAXX® had no effect on turfgrass overall appearance or density but reduced clipping yield by 25% and increased ball roll distance by 6%. In a new fairway trial at Lepaa, biweekly applications of 0.4, 0.8, 1.2 and 1.6 L ha-1 had no effect on turfgrass quality but reduced clipping yields by 15, 23, 23 and 34%, respectively. Rebound effects were virtually absent in the 2008 trials. Spring observations in Finland in 2009 confirmed less snow mould and better overall appearance on plots that had been sprayed with Primo MAXX® in 2008. In conclusion we have recommended that Primo MAXX® be labeled for use on Nordic golf courses at the following rates and application frequencies. Rate*Application intervalGreens (creeping bentgrass)0.2 - 0.4 L ha-1Every 1 to 2 weeksFairways (Kentucky bluegrass / red fescue)0.6 - 1.2 L ha-1Every 2 to 3 weeksRoughs & semi-roughs (Kentucky bluegrass / red fescue)1.0 - 2.0 L ha-1Every 3 to 4 weeks *Always use lowest rate for the first seasonal application of Primo MAXX®. As of 1 January 2010, Primo MAXX® has been approved for turfgrass use in Iceland. Applications are pending in Finland, Sweden and Norway.
Forfattere
Trygve S. Aamlid Trond Olav Pettersen Tatsiana Espevig Siv Lene Gangenes Skar Agnar KvalbeinSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Trygve S. Aamlid Tatsiana Espevig Trond Olav Pettersen Siv Lene Gangenes Skar Agnar KvalbeinSammendrag
Soil water repellency (SWR) is a common phenomenon on sand-based golf greens. Soils are considered severely water repellent if water droplets remain on the surface of undisturbed, air-dried soil samples for more than 600 seconds before penetrating. The objective of this research was to evaluate the potential of a surfactant to overcome SWR and restore turfgrass quality on a green with severe drought symptoms. The surfactant Aqueduct® was applied at a rate of 25 L ha-1 at weekly intervals from 4 June through 25 June 2008, either alone or after aeration with solid tines to 5 cm depth before each application. The experiment was irrigated uniformly corresponding to 1.65 times pan evaporation values from 4 June till 12 June, after which irrigation was not necessary due to natural rainfall. Conspicuous and statistically significant improvements in turfgrass quality occurred 10-12 days after the first application of surfactant, and the difference from untreated control plots continued to increase for about two and a half months after the completion of treatments. The improvement was accompanied by a significant increase in the SWC of the 0-20 cm soil layer and a deeper root system. The difference in WDPT between treated and untreated plots was significant at 1 cm, but not at 2, 3, 5 or 10 cm soil depths which were always far more water repellent than the thatch layer. Repeated aeration had no significant effect on turfgrass quality, and there was no significant interaction between surfactant and aeration treatments.
Forfattere
Lise Hatten Ann NorderhaugSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag