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Publikasjoner

NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.

2009

Sammendrag

Field trials at Ås, Norway and Geneva, NY, USA revealed a substantial impact of initial levels of powdery mildew (Podosphaera macularis) upon disease development in strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa). Five-row plots of 50 to 100 mildew-free plants (planting distance 0.45 × 1.2 m) were established each year within large grain fields with a minimum distance of 90 m between plots and were left untreated with fungicides. Beginning each season, plants at the center of each plot were inoculated with 0, 1, 10, or 100 mildew-infected leaflets. Uninoculated plots developed only trace levels of powdery mildew, despite nearby diseased plots and wild strawberries in both Norway and NY trials over 3 years. More rapid and severe disease development was observed in the inoculated plots; e.g., mildew was observed on 31, 36, 311, and 912 leaflets in the 0, 1, 10, and 100 plots, respectively, in Norway in year 1 of the trial, and reached only 6 leaves per plot in the 0 plot in year 2. Spatiotemporal analyses were subsequently performed, but the practical impact of the trials was to demonstrate long-lasting benefits of clean, mildew-free planting stock in commercial strawberry production, even in areas where the pathogen is endemic and the environment is very conducive to disease.

Sammendrag

This paper presents a simple system for efficient regulation under asymmetric information. Each firm’s income is controlled by a tax that depends on the firm’s own output and on a parameter construed as a share permit. These "shares of total expected output" lower a firm’s tax burden and are acquired in a competitive market. By employing this scheme, the planner only requires knowledge of marginal damage to induce the first-best outcome. Relative to a traditional cap-and-trade approach the system increases expected social welfare. If incentives for strategic behavior in the market exist, their impact may be scaled down.