Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2011
Forfattere
Felix Herzog Katalin Balázs Peter Dennis Tetyana Dyman Wendy Fjellstad Jürgen Friedel Salah Garchi Philippe Jeanneret Rob Jongman Maximilian Kainz Gerardo Moreno Charles Nkwiine Maurizio Paoletti Philippe Pointereau Jean-Pierre Sarthou Siyka Stoyanova Davide ViaggiSammendrag
Farmland biodiversity is an important component of Europe’s biodiversity. More than half the continent is occupied by agricultural lands. They host specific habitats and species, which – in addition to the conservation values they provide – perform vital ecological functions. Indicators are needed to enable the monitoring of biodiversity at the farm level for the purpose of assessing the impacts of farming practices and of agricultural policies. Our research aims at identifying farmland biodiversity indicators which are scientifically sound, operational and relevant for stakeholders. We screened the literature for farmland biodiversity indicators and, in an iterative process with stakeholders, we identified 28 candidate indicators for genetic, species and habitat diversity. Those selected biodiversity indicators, as well as 14 management parameters that are known to relate to biodiversity, were assessed in 12 case study regions across Europe. Each case study region represents a typical production system (i.e. specialist field crops, horticulture and permanent crops; specialist grazing with cattle and other livestock types; mixed crop and livestock farming). In each region, 8 – 20 farms were randomly selected, mostly within the two groups of organic and non-organic farms, to obtain a gradient of farming intensity. Indicators were measured applying standardized sampling procedures and farm interviews. Sampling effort was recorded in order to assess the cost of indicator measurement. For each case study region, biodiversity indicators are presently being evaluated in conjunction with management indicators. Surrogate indicators will be proposed when possible and indicators will be prioritized taking into account their validity, practicality, cost and priority for stakeholders. Based on preliminary results, the presentation will focus on the relation between direct (species and habitat diversity) indicators and indirect (farm management) parameters. Part of this research was funded by the EU FP7 contract KBBE-2B-227161. For more information consult www.biobio-indicator.org
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Christian PedersenSammendrag
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Sammendrag
Koliforme (KB), termotolerante koliforme (TKB) eller E.coli bakterier - hvilke er relevant indikator av fekal forurensing? Både KB og TKB definerer et bredt spekter av bakterier som kan stamme fra både avføring og ikke-fekal kilder. Den mest relevante indikator for fekal forurensning i miljøet er E.coli som ikke stammer fra miljøet, men finnes utelukkende i stort antall i avføring fra mennesker og varmblodige dyr. Selv om de fleste E.coli-stammer er harmløse er det noen typer som er knyttet til alvorlige menneske- og dyresykdommer. E.coli som hovedgruppe kan i dag oppdages relativt raskt med moderne analysemetoder og en god logistikk for prøvehåndtering og rapportering. Dette kombinert med tiltak kan beskytte mennesker og miljø fra potensielt patogene stammer av E.coli og andre sykdomsfremkallende organismegrupper som finnes i avløpsvann fra dyr og mennesker. E.coli bør derfor være standard analyse i overvåkningsprogram hvor det søkes etter fekal forurensning.
Sammendrag
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Forfattere
Eivind Vangdal Sigrid Flatland Rune SlimestadSammendrag
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Sammendrag
The redlisted epiphytic lichen Evernia divaricata has only rarely been found with fruiting or sorediate thalli, and never so in Norway. August 2009, we reinvented a previously known locality within the Trillemarka-Rollagsfjell nature reserve and found, for the first time in Norway, fertile thalli abundantly along a 1.2 km part of a small brook. Closer examination of samples taken from the same locality in 2003 revealed that immature fruiting-bodies (apothecia) were present on a few thalli at that time. Today the site is characterized by old mixed conifer forest and small bogs. Two additional Norwegian localities have been found to harbor fertile E. divaricata. At yet another locality we found one thallus with abundant large soralia, also recorded for the first time in Norway. Lack of small sprouting thalli with basal holdfasts suggests that dispersal, up till now, mainly have occurred by means of thallus fragmentation, thereby hampering efficient long-distance dispersal.
Forfattere
Agnar KvalbeinSammendrag
Introduction to Bioforsk Turfgrass Research Group Correct fertilization - healthy turf 1. Basic principles 2. Demand driven fertilization 3. Late fall fertilization 4. Potassium in the fall? 5. Phosphate or phosphonite?
Sammendrag
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Sammendrag
Efficiency of total N in anaerobically digested household waste was generally lower than N in mineral fertilizer, but at the same level as cattle slurry.