Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2018
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Hans StabbetorpSammendrag
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Johannes BreidenbachSammendrag
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Johannes BreidenbachSammendrag
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Johannes BreidenbachSammendrag
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Johannes BreidenbachSammendrag
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Habtamu AlemSammendrag
In this article, we estimate the progress of Total Factor Productivity (TFP) in the Norwegian grain production sector. Previous studies conducted in TFP estimation can be criticized for estimated production function relied on the assumption that the underlying technology is the same for all regions and firms face similar environmental conditions. In reality, agricultural firms in different regions resource endowment, adoption of new technology, and innovation might be different because of farmers face different production opportunities. For this study, we classified the country into two main grain producing regions with district level of development, and hence production technologies. We used farm level balanced panel data for 19 years (1996-2014) with 1463 observations from farms specialized in grain production. We applied the ‘true' fixed effect stochastic frontier model to estimate region level efficiency and source of productivity changes. The result of the analysis shows that there has been a productivity improvement in the sector, and technical change has had the main source of productivity change.
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Purpose Treelines and forest lines (TFLs) have received growing interest in recent decades, due to their potential role as indicators of climate change. However, the understanding of TFL dynamics is challenged by the complex interactions of factors that control TFLs. The review aims to provide an overview over the trends in the elevational dynamics of TFLs in Norway since the beginning of the 20th century, to identify main challenges to explain temporal and spatial patterns in TFL dynamics, and to identify important domains for future research. Method A systematic search was performed using international and Norwegian search engines for peer-reviewed articles, scientific reports, and MA and PhD theses concerning TFL changes. Results Most articles indicate TFL rise, but with high variability. Single factors that have an impact on TFL dynamics are well understood, but knowledge gaps exist with regard to interactions and feedbacks, especially those leading to distributional time lags. Extracting the most relevant factors for TFL changes, especially with regard to climate versus land-use changes, requires more research. Conclusions Existing data on TFL dynamics provide a broad overview of past and current changes, but estimations of reliable TFL changes for Norway as a whole is impossible. The main challenges in future empirically-based predictions of TFLs are to understand causes of time lags, separate effects of contemporary processes, and make progress on the impacts of feedback and interactions. Remapping needs to be continued, but combined with both the establishment of representative TFL monitoring sites and field experiments.