Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2018
Forfattere
Trine Aulstad Sogn Ivan Dragicevic Roar Linjordet Tore Krogstad Vincent Eijsink Susanne Eich-GreatorexSammendrag
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Forfattere
Trust Kasambala Donga Ole Martin EkloSammendrag
The sugarcane industry is the third largest user of pesticides in Malawi. Our aim with this study was to document pesticide use and handling practices that influence pesticide exposure among sugarcane farmers in Malawi. A semi-structured questionnaire was administered to 55 purposively selected sugarcane farmers and 7 key informants representing 1474 farmers in Nkhata Bay, Nkhotakota and Chikwawa Districts in Malawi. Our results indicate that herbicides and insecticides were widely used. Fifteen moderately and one extremely hazardous pesticide, based on World Health Organization (WHO) classification, were in use. Several of these pesticides: ametryn, acetochlor, monosodium methylarsonate and profenofos are not approved in the European Union because of their toxicity to terrestrial and aquatic life, and/or persistence in water and soil. Farmers (95%) knew that pesticides could enter the human body through the skin, nose (53%) and mouth (42%). They knew that pesticide runoff (80%) and leaching (100%) lead to contamination of water wells. However, this knowledge was not enough to motivate them to take precautionary measures to reduce pesticide exposure. Farmers (78%) had experienced skin irritation, 67% had headache, coughing and running nose during pesticide handling. Measures are in place to reduce pesticide exposure in the large estates and farms operated by farmer associations. Smallholder farmers acting independently do not have the resources and capacity to minimize their exposure to pesticides. There is need to put in place pesticide residue monitoring programs and farmer education on commercial sugarcane production and safe pesticide use as ways of reducing pesticide exposure.
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Forfattere
Carrie Joy Andrew Einar Heegaard Klaus Høiland Beatrice Senn-Irlet Thomas W. Kuyper Irmgard Krisai-Greilhuber Paul M. Kirk Jacob Heilmann-Clausen Alan C. Gange Simon Egli Claus Bässler Ulf Büntgen Lynne Boddy Håvard KauserudSammendrag
Here we assess the impact of geographically dependent (latitude, longitude, and altitude) changes in bioclimatic (temperature, precipitation, and primary productivity) variability on fungal fruiting phenology across Europe. Two main nutritional guilds of fungi, saprotrophic and ectomycorrhizal, were further separated into spring and autumn fruiters. We used a path analysis to investigate how biogeographic patterns in fungal fruiting phenology coincided with seasonal changes in climate and primary production. Across central to northern Europe, mean fruiting varied by approximately 25 d, primarily with latitude. Altitude affected fruiting by up to 30 d, with spring delays and autumnal accelerations. Fruiting was as much explained by the effects of bioclimatic variability as by their large‐scale spatial patterns. Temperature drove fruiting of autumnal ectomycorrhizal and saprotrophic groups as well as spring saprotrophic groups, while primary production and precipitation were major drivers for spring‐fruiting ectomycorrhizal fungi. Species‐specific phenology predictors were not stable, instead deviating from the overall mean. There is significant likelihood that further climatic change, especially in temperature, will impact fungal phenology patterns at large spatial scales. The ecological implications are diverse, potentially affecting food webs (asynchrony), nutrient cycling and the timing of nutrient availability in ecosystems.
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Forfattere
Carrie Joy Andrew Einar Heegaard Alan C. Gange Beatrice Senn-Irlet Simon Egli Paul M. Kirk Ulf Büntgen Håvard Kauserud Lynne BoddySammendrag
As citizen science and digitization projects bring greater and larger datasets to the scientific realm, wemust address the comparability of results across varying sources and spatial scales. Independentlyassembled fungal fruit body datasets from Switzerland and the UK were available at large, national-scales and more intensively surveyed, local-scales. Phenology responses of fungi between these data-sets at different scales (national, intermediate and local) resembled one another. Consistently with time,the fruiting season initiated earlier and extended later. Phenology better correlated across data sourcesand scales in the UK, which contain less landscape and environmental heterogeneity than Switzerland.Species-specific responses in seasonality varied more than overall responses, but generally fruiting startdates were later for most Swiss species compared with UK species, while end dates were later for both.The coherency of these results, across the data sources, supports the use of presence-only data obtainedby multiple recorders, and even across heterogeneous landscapes, for global change phenology research.
Forfattere
Daniel Girma Mulat Janka Dibdiakova Svein Jarle HornSammendrag
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