Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2022
Forfattere
Fride Høistad ScheiSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Svein Olav Krøgli Wendy Fjellstad Linda Aune-Lundberg Milena Chmielewska Agata Hościło Aneta LewandowskaSammendrag
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Forfattere
Wendy Fjellstad Svein Olav Krøgli Linda Aune-Lundberg Milena Chmielewska Agata Hościło Kamila BelkaSammendrag
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Sammendrag
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Sammendrag
The three-dimensional structure of forest canopies is essential for light use efficiency, photosynthesis and thus carbon sequestration. Therefore, high-quality characterization of canopy structure is critical to improving our carbon cycle estimates by Earth system models and better understanding disturbance impacts on carbon sequestration in forested ecosystems. In this context, a widely used observable is the Leaf Area Density (LAD) and its integral over the vertical dimension, the Leaf Area Index (LAI). A multitude of methods exists to determine LAD and LAI in a forest stand. In this contribution, we use a mature Norway spruce forest surrounding an ICOS flux tower at Hurdal site (NO-Hur) to investigate LAD and LAI with six different methods: field campaigns using (1) the Plant Canopy Analyzer LAI-2000; (2) the LaiPen LP 110; (3) Digital Hemispheric Photography at a set of plots within the area; (4) a Lidar drone flight covering the footprint area of the tower; (5) an airborne Lidar campaign, and (6) a satellite LAI product (MODIS). The horizontal spatial structure of LAI values is investigated using marked point process statistics. Intercomparison of the methods focusses not only on biases and root mean squared errors, but also on the spatial patterns observed, quantifying to which extent a simple bias correction between the methods is sufficient to make the different approaches match to each other.
Forfattere
Michel VerheulSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Michel VerheulSammendrag
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Forfattere
Jørgen A.B. MølmannSammendrag
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Forfattere
Benjamin Fuchs Kari Saikkonen Marjo Helander Ye Tian Baoru Yang Marica T. Engström Juha-Pekka Salminen Anne MuolaSammendrag
Conventional agricultural practices favoring the use of glyphosate-based herbicides (GBHs) increase the risk of GBH residues ending up in animal feed, feces, and, eventually, manure. The use of poultry manure as organic fertilizer in the circular food economy increases the unintentional introduction of GBH residues into horticultural and agricultural systems, with reportedly negative effects on the growth and reproduction of crop plants. To understand the potential lasting effects of exposure to GBH residues via organic manure fertilizers, we studied strawberry (Fragaria x vescana) plant performance, yield quantity, biochemistry, folivory, phytochemistry, and soil elemental composition the year after exposure to GBH. Although plants exposed to GBH residues via manure fertilizer were, on average, 23% smaller in the year of exposure, they were able to compensate for their growth during the following growing season. Interestingly, GBH residue exposure in the previous growing season led to a trend in altered plant size preferences of folivores during the following growing season. Furthermore, the plants that had been exposed to GBH residues in the previous growing season produced 20% heavier fruits with an altered composition of phenolic compounds compared to non-exposed plants. Our results indicate that GBHs introduced via manure fertilizer following circular economy practices in one year can have effects on perennial crop plants in the following year, although GBH residues in soil have largely vanished.
Sammendrag
The availability of fresh vegetables grown in greenhouses under controlled conditions throughout the year has given rise to concerns about their impact on the environment. In high latitude countries such as Norway, greenhouse vegetable production requires large amounts of energy for heat and light, especially during the winter. The use of renewable energy such as hydroelectricity and its effect on the environment has not been well documented. Neither has the effect of different production strategies on the environment been studied to a large extent. We conducted a life cycle assessment (LCA) of greenhouse tomato production for mid-March to mid-October (seasonal production), 20th January to 20th November (extended seasonal) production, and year-round production including the processes from raw material extraction to farm gate. Three production seasons and six greenhouse designs were included, at one location in southwestern and one in northern Norway. The SimaPro software was used to calculate the environmental impact. Across the three production seasons, the lowest global warming (GW) potential (600 g CO2-eq per 1 kg tomatoes) was observed during year-round production in southwestern Norway for the design NDSFMLLED + LED, while the highest GW potential (3100 g CO2-eq per 1 kg tomatoes) was observed during seasonal production in northern Norway for the design NS. The choice of artificial lighting (HPS (High Pressure Sodium) or LED (Light Emitting Diodes)), heating system and the production season was found to have had a considerable effect on the environmental impact. Moreover, there was a significant reduction in most of the impact categories including GW potential, terrestrial acidification, and fossil resource scarcity from seasonal to year-round production. Overall, year-round production in southwestern Norway had the lowest environmental impact of the evaluated production types. Heating of the greenhouse using natural gas and electricity was the biggest contributor to most of the impact categories. The use of an electric heat pump and LED lights during extended seasonal and year-round production both decreased the environmental impact. However, while replacing natural gas with electricity resulted in decreased GW potential, it increased the ecotoxicity potential.