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Publikasjoner

NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.

2007

Sammendrag

Bioforsk Jord og miljø har utarbeidet en avløpsplan for "Perstølen hytteområde" i Etnedal kommune. Rapporten er todelt. Del 1 er selve søknaden om utslipp. Del 2 beskriver naturgrunnlaget spesielt med henblikk på uttak av grunnvann til drikkevann og utnyttelse av stedlige jordmasser som resipient og rensemedium for avløpsvann. I del 2 er det også gitt rammevilkår for vann og avløpsløsninger i området (rammeplan). Avløpsanleggene er beskrevet i vedlegg. Beskrivelsen er så detaljert at det kan gis til-latelse til utslipp iht. kravene i forurensningsloven, for hvert enkelt anlegg. Byggherrene må imidlertid selv søke om byggetillatelse og igangsettingstillatelse iht. plan- og bygningsloven. Hyttefeltet består av til sammen 21 eksisterende hytter og nye hyttetomter. Denne søknaden med tilhørende vann og avløpsplan omfatter 3 gamle tomter og 11 nye hyttetomter. Jordmassene består hovedsaklig av morene og myrjord. Morenejorda har noe begrensede egenskaper som rensemedium og resipient for avløpsvann. Jorda har ikke kapasitet til å ta imot avløpsvann i felles infiltrasjonsanlegg. Bioforsk Jord og miljø vil heller ikke anbefale andre typer fellesanlegg. Det er derfor utarbeidet en avløpsplan basert på separate avløpsrenseanlegg. Bioforsk Jord og miljø anbefaler at vannforsyningen baseres på felles borebrønner i fjell. Med de foreslåtte renseløsningene forventes det høy tilbakeholdelse av fosfor, organisk stoff og smittestoff, slik at lokale vannforekomster ikke får endret tilstand og god sikkerhet mot forurensning av drikkevannskilder.

Sammendrag

This Pest Risk Assessment (PRA) of the fire blight bacterium Erwinia amylovora was initiated by a review or revision of a policy by the Norwegian Food Safety Authority. Fire blight was detected in Norway for the first time in 1986. The focus of infection was in and around the city of Stavanger in Rogaland county on the south west coast of the country. Mainly Cotoneaster bullatus and C. salicifolius were attacked.  The disease was contained and finally eradicated from the area in 1992. However, in 2000 fire blight re-emerged, in the same county, on the island Karmøy, separated from the first outbreak by 25 km open sea. A new containment and eradication programme was started. Nevertheless the disease continued to spread to the north, mainly due to the movement of beehives contaminated with E. amylovora, from areas with diseased plants to areas free from fire blight with warm and humid weather conditions, favorable for the development of the disease. Fire blight has been detected in private gardens, around public buildings, in recreation grounds, along roads, and in rural areas in the coastal areas of the counties of Rogaland, Hordaland and Sogn og Fjordane. It has not been detected in nurseries, in fruit-growing areas, or in other parts of the country. The main hosts are still C. bullatus and C. salicifolius and some other Cotoneaster spp. Occasionally diseased Sorbus aria, Pyrachanta and apple and pear have been detected. Recently a very limited outbreak on C. bullatus and C. salicifolius was detected in the city of Kristiansand in Vest-Agder county. The endangered area, where presence of fire blight will result in economically important loss is the commercial fruit growing areas of Norway. If E. amylovora is introduced into the main fruit growing districts, it is expected that the damage and losses to commercial fruit production and nurseries will be minor, under the current phytosanitary regime in Norway. Relaxation of the regulations in force for fighting fire blight in Norway will increase the expected damage and losses to commercial fruit production and nurseries to a moderate level. Importation of fruit trees and fruit tree propagation material from countries where fire blight is established is not expected to increase the risk of fire blight in Norway significantly, given that appropriate phytosanitary requirements and quarantine are followed.

Sammendrag

Et feltforsøk med to grønnsaker (long beans (Vigna sesquipedalis) and leaf mustard (Brassica juncea)) ble utført for å studere effekten av å bruke IPM-prinsippene ved dyrking sammenlignet med konvensjonell dyrkingspraksis i 3 provinser i nord-Vietnam. Leaf mustard inneholdt flere pesticider og høyere restverdier enn long beans. Det ble dessuten påvist flere pesticider i prøvene som ikke var rapportert brukt av bøndene, både i prøver fra IPM-felt og de konvensjonelel feltene. Generelt ble det funnet lavere pesticidkonsentrasjoner i prøver fra IPM-felt enn fra de konvensjonelle feltene. Pesticidanalysene ble utført av Northern Pesticide Control Centre (NPCC) i Hanoi i samarbeid med Bioforsk.

Til dokument

Sammendrag

Pesticide losses to the environment are unwanted due to possible environmental and health hazards. An experimental wetland is established to study the efficiency with respect to retention of sediments, nutrients and pesticides. Pesticides were applied on an arable soil plot in the watershed. Statistical analyses were carried out on three selected pesticides; propachlor, metalaxyl and chlorfenvinfoss. All pesticides were found in the experimental wetland, with peak concenttrations shortly after spraying. In 2003 pesticide retention varied from 11% to 42% and in 2004 retention varied from 19% to 56 %. Comparing eight different wetland filters, we found that L6 and L8, with flagstones and straw, respectively, had a higher total pesticide retention than a standard Norwegian wetland (L4). When the compounds were treated separately, however, the picture was different. Statistical analyses showed that the treatments were signficantly different from zero in six of the wetlands for remowal of propachlor, for removal of metalaxyl none were significantly different, and for removal of chlorfenvinphos four treatments were significantly different. For the three compounds none of the relative treatments were significantly different from L4. Chemical properties of the pesticides could explain some of the behaviour in the watershed and in the wetland.

Sammendrag

Innhaldet av antocyanar og total fenolar vart målt i 9 søtkirsebærsortar. Antocyanininnhaldet i mørke frukter var høgare enn i frukter med ljos gul saft. Mellom dei mørke sortane var det nær 10 gonger så mykje antocyanar i sorten med høgast innhald i høve til sorten med lågast. Samla fenolinnhald varierte frå 23 til 168 mg/100g FW, og den antioksiderande kapasiteten var frå 0,44 til 2,67 mmol/100g FW. Det var god korrelasjon mellom den antioksiderande kapasiteten og både antocyanin og totalt fenolinnhald. Søtkirsebærsorten "Agila" hadde høgast innhald av antocyaninar, total fenolar og antioksiderande kapasitet. Hjå plommer fann ein mest antocyaninar i dei mørk blå plommene "Edda", "Souffriau" og "Jubileum". "Victoria hadde minst antocyaninar, men likevel høgast innhald av total fenolar og antioksiderande kapasitet. FRAP-verdiane varierte frå 0,61 til 1,28 mmol/100g FW. Den antioksiderande kapasiteten var nært korrelert med totalt fenolinnhald.

Sammendrag

Quantifying P losses to surface waters at different scales and partitioning of the loads into P losses from point sources and diffuse sources are significant future challenges for river basin managers. The agricultural share of P losses to surface waters is, in many river basins, increasing and therefore becoming more important to quantify and analyse. The importance of phosphorus losses from agricultural land was analysed using monitoring data and two different models for 35 micro-catchments (50 000 km2). Average annual phosphorus loss from agricultural land in the micro-catchments varied from 0.1 to 4.7 kg P ha)1 and showed no relationship with the short-term P surplus on agricultural land. The average annual total P loss from agricultural land showed equally large variation in the 17 macro-catchments (0.1"6.0 kg P ha)1), but the range was less for the 10 larger river basins (0.09"2.0 kg P ha)1). The annual P loss from the 35 micro-catchments was greatest in the micro-catchments characterized by soil erosion and a high proportion of surface run-off as in the Norwegian catchments. The same pattern was true for the 17 macro-catchments where the model-simulated total P loss from agricultural land was greatest in the catchments in northern and southern parts of Europe. The main diffuse pathways for total P loads in the 17 macro-catchments were simulated with the MONERIS model. On average, soil erosion and surface run-off was estimated to have contributed 53% (4.1"81%), groundwater 14% (0.2"41.7%) and tile drainage water 3% (0"14.0%).