Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2019
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May Bente BrurbergSammendrag
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Arne Verstraeten Elena Gottardini Nicolas Bruffaerts Bruno De Vos Elena Vanguelova Fabiana Cristofolini Gerrit Genouw Anita Nussbaumer Mathias Neumann Sue Benham Pasi Rautio Liisa Ukonmaanaho Päivi Merilä Annika Saarto Jukka Reiniharju Peter Waldner Marijke Hendrickx Peter Roskams Nathalie Cools Johan Neirynck Arthur De Haeck Yvan De Bodt Geert Sioen Nicholas Clarke Volkmar Timmermann Karin Hansen Hans-Peter Dietrich Manuel Nicolas Maria Schmitt Anne Thimonier Katrin Meusburger Silvio Schüler Anna Kowalska Idalia Kasprzyk Katarzyna Borycka Łukasz Grewling Joanna Święta-Musznicka Małgorzata Latałowa Marcelina Zimny Małgorzata Malkiewicz Lars Vesterdal Iben Margrete Thomsen Miklós Manninger Donat Magyar Gergely Mányoki Hugues TiteuxSammendrag
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An annual sheep production system in Norway incorporates grazing natural pastures for five months. Yet no measurements of enteric methane emissions from grazing sheep have been performed under Norwegian conditions. A pilot study was conducted with 12 Norwegian White ewes to test the feasibility of using the sulphur hexafluoride (SF6) tracer technique under Norwegian conditions. The ewes were split onto one of two pastures, mixed grass (Bromus inermis dominated, Poa pratensis, Festuca pratensis) or white clover (Trifolium repens). After five days adaptation to pastures, breathe samples were collected into evacuated one L PVC canisters over three consecutive days where capillary tubes (0.38 to 0.42 mL/min initial flow) restricted flow. Gas samples were analysed by gas chromatography. Feed intakes were not recorded. Average live weights were 64 kg and 66 kg for ewes on grass and clover pastures, respectively. Methane emissions were 23.9 g/d from sheep on mixed grass and 28.2 g/d for sheep on white clover. Methane emissions were not correlated (p=0.33) to ewe live weight. One explanation for the 15% difference in methane emission could be differences in feed intake. The few days of sample collection could also explain some of the observed difference since the technique is recommended to be used over five days to reduce errors in observations. This pilot study shows that using the SF6-technique is a feasible method for future research. More experiments measuring enteric methane emission over a longer period from grazing sheep and cattle under Norwegian conditions are planned for the future.
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Biochar is a carbon-rich material that, due to its inherent resistance to decomposition, is primarily developed with the aim of sequestering carbon in soil. Despite the convincing benefits of biochar as a climate mitigation solution, it has not yet advanced much beyond the research stage, notably because its effect on yield are too modest. Therefore, there is a need for win-win biochar solutions benefiting both food production and climate mitigation. Such a solution is the development of biochar fertilizers, which capitalizes on the capacity of biochar to capture and release nutrients. This effect is largely attributed to the porous structure and large surface area of biochar, with surface charges and ash content also appearing to play a role. The nutrient-retaining capacity of biochar appears to vary among studies investigating different types of biochar exposed to different types of nutrients (mineral anions and cations, organic molecules) under different conditions. In the present study, we will report on a meta-analysis of published biochar properties that are associated with controlling the sorption of nutrients. As biochar properties largely depend on pyrolysis conditions and feedstock properties, this work contributes to the selective design of biochars for the purpose of improving nutrient use efficiency.
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Forfattere
Misganu Debella-GiloSammendrag
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Jane Mills Matthew Reed Kamilla Skaalsveen Julie IngramSammendrag
Encouraging the uptake of sustainable soil management practices often requires on‐farm experiential learning and adaptation over a sustained period, rather than the traditional knowledge transfer processes of identifying a problem and implementing a solution. Farmer‐to‐farmer learning networks are emerging with farmers experimenting and sharing knowledge about these practices amongst themselves. One potential communication channel for such interaction and knowledge sharing is social media and Twitter in particular. A content analysis of a Twitter account for an EU research project, SoilCare, and in‐depth qualitative interviews with five farmers using Twitter were used to illustrate the extent and type of farmer‐to‐farmer knowledge sharing in relation to sustainable soil management practices. Evidence of farmer learning and knowledge sharing on Twitter with respect to these practices was identified. Twitter can capture the immediacy of the field operations and visual impacts in the field. Furthermore, the brief messages channeled through Twitter appeal to time‐constrained farmers. The ability for interaction around a particular hashtags in Twitter is developing virtual networks of practice in relation to sustainable soil management and within these networks farmer champions are emerging that are respected by other farmers. Twitter works best for those actively seeking information, rather than passive recipients of new knowledge. Therefore, its use with other forms of face‐to‐face interaction as part of a blended learning approach is recommended. Twitter also offers a potential space for other actors, such as researchers and advisers, to interact and share knowledge with farmers. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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