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Publikasjoner

NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.

2016

Sammendrag

Dette er den fjerde rapporten i rekken med opplysninger om eiendomsteiger over 1000 dekar uten tilknytning til Landbruksregisteret. Her gjør vi rede for registrerte kulturminner på eiendomsteigene i utvalget og viser at mange av kulturminnene forekommer på eiendomsteiger uten opplysninger om hjemmelshaver og eiendomsgrenser. Dette utgjør et vesentlig hinder for vern av kulturminnene, samt forvaltning og utvikling av eiendomsteigene i tiden fremover.

Sammendrag

Formål: Prosjektets hovedmål var å utvikle vitenskapelig baserte anbefalinger for funksjonelle og enkle driftssystemer for nordnorsk storfékjøttproduksjon, med spesielt fokus på rimelige fjøsløsninger, beiteutnytting og dyrevelferd i et arktisk klima. Materiale og metoder: Rådgivingstjenesten i storfékjøttkontrollen (Nortura) og Mattilsynet gav oss en oversikt over aktuelle eksempelbruk i Nordland, Troms og Finnmark. Brukene skulle være av de beste i landsdelen på produksjon, helse, dyrevelferd og driftsøkonomi. Totalt 12 eksempelbruk ble plukket ut og kontaktet via e-post og telefon. Brukene var fordelt på driftsformene a) oppfôring av innkjøpt kalv (1), b) kombiner melk- og kjøttproduksjon (2), c) ammekuproduksjon med salg av kalv (6) og d) ammekuproduksjon med egen oppfôring av kalvene (3). To eksempelbruk i Finnmark, fire bruk i Troms og seks bruk i Nordland ble besøkt fra april til juni 2015. Dyras adferd, helse og miljøet i fjøset ble registrert. I tillegg ble det gjennomført grundige semistrukturerte intervjuer med gårdbrukerne. Hvert besøk varte fra to til tre timer. Opplysninger om driftsøkonomi ble ettersendt og behandlet konfidensielt som datagrunnlag til bacheloroppgave ved Nord Universitet (leveres november 2016). Rimelige og anbefalte fjøsløsninger: Ni av 12 brukere som vi besøkte, startet storfekjøttproduksjon for å utnytte gårdens ressurser og for å holde jord og bygninger i hevd. De fleste brukerne utnytter gamle driftsbygninger, gjerne i tillegg til nye. God plass (større enn arealkravet per dyr), godt reinhold og godt grovfôr synes å være viktigere enn bygningens beskaffenhet i seg selv. Kaldfjøs (løsdrift) med liggebåser og mulighet til å gå inn og ut året rundt er en ønsket løsning for mange av ammekuprodusentene...

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Sammendrag

Aroma is an important quality factor in fruit, and it is important to know the effect of new orchard management practices on fruit aroma. Fruit growers are using more foliar fertilizers to achieve the optimum mineral status in fruit. In this work the effects of adding extra nitrogen, calcium and both nitrogen and calcium to apple trees in the fruit cell division phase were studied. Even though the given nitrogen and calcium did not give significantly higher content of N and Ca in the treated fruits, differences in the contents of some aroma compounds were found. Nitrogen treated trees gave apples with more hexanal, a compound known in unripe ("green, grassy") apples. When both calcium and nitrogen were applied, the negative effect of nitrogen on aroma compounds was less pronounced. The aroma of these fruits was more similar to the controls. Using multivariate statistical analyses, the grouping of the different treatments during storage was confirmed. Foliar fertilization with nitrogen and calcium during the cell division phase had a significant effect on the amount of aroma compounds in apples at harvest and during storage.

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Sammendrag

BACKGROUND Marked effects of the climatic environment on fruit chemical composition have often been demonstrated in field experiments. However, complex covariations of several climatic factors in the natural environment complicate the interpretation of such experiments and the identification of the causal factors. This can be better achieved in a phytotron where the various climatic factors can be varied systematically. Therefore, we grew four black currant cultivars of contrasting origin in a phytotron under controlled post-flowering temperature and photoperiod conditions and analysed the berries for their ascorbic acid, sugar and organic acid contents. RESULTS The analyses revealed significant effects of genotype on all investigated compounds. Particularly large cultivar differences were observed in the concentrations of l-ascorbic acid (AA) and sucrose. The concentrations of both AA and dehydroascorbic acid (DHAA), as well as the concentrations of all major sugars, decreased consistently with an increasing temperature over the temperature range 12–24 °C. Fructose and glucose were the predominant sugars with concentrations several fold higher than that for sucrose. AA was the main contributor to the total ascorbate pool in black currant berries. The AA/DHAA ratio varied from 5.6 to 10.3 among the studied cultivars. The concentration of citric acid, which was the predominant organic acid in black currant berries, increased with an increasing temperature, whereas the opposite trend was observed for malic and shikimic acid. Quninic acid was always present at relatively low concentrations. By contrast, photoperiod had no significant effect on berry content of any of the investigated compounds. CONCLUSION It is concluded that the post-flowering temperature has marked effects on the concentration of important chemical compounds responsible for taste and nutritional value of black currant berries, whereas photoperiod has no such effect in the studied cultivars. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry

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Sammendrag

Bangladesh often suffers from droughts and floods that cause substantial harm to households and communities. The frequency of such events is expected to increase with climate change. Assessing the vulnerability to climate change is a promising evaluation tool that can assist in identifying and improving adaptation strategies at various geographical scales. In this paper, we examine the vulnerability status of two regions in Bangladesh, one in the north, which is frequently impacted by severe droughts, and one in the south, which is exposed to regular flooding, high water, and salinity. We evaluate the exposure, sensitivity and adaptive capacity of each region using demographic, agro-economic, infrastructural, and biophysical indicators. We consider information obtained in a literature review, interviews with local experts, household surveys, and field visits in the study areas. We use principal components analysis to assess vulnerability to climate change between and within the north and south regions. The flood-prone, saline region in the south appears less vulnerable to climate change the northern drought prone areas, although further validation is needed.