Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2020
Sammendrag
Reinsdyr som beiter på innmarka kan i noen geografiske områder være årsak til en betydelig konflikt mellom reindriftsutøvere og landbruksnæringa. Uenigheten dreier seg i stor grad om hvem som har ansvaret og hvem som skal betale for tapt avling. Men hvor stor skade gjør reinsdyra egentlig på avlingsnivået?
Forfattere
Anne Linn HykkerudSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Sammendrag
Adjustable crop load primarily involves bud manipulation, and usually switches from vegetative to reproductive buds. While this switch is not fully understood, it is still controlled by the ratio of hormones, which promote or inhibit bud formation. To determine the reasons for biennial bearing, the effect of apple rootstock, scion cultivar, crop load, as well as metabolic changes of endogenous phytohormones [zeatin, jasmonic acid, indole-3 acetic acid (IAA), abscisic acid (ABA), and gibberellins 1, 3, and 7 (GAs)], and soluble sugars (glucose, fructose, and sorbitol) were evaluated, and their connections with return bloom and yield of apple tree buds were analyzed. Cultivars “Ligol” and “Auksis” were tested on five rootstocks contrasting in induced vigor: semi-dwarfing M.26; dwarfing M.9, B.396, and P 67; and super-dwarfing P 22. Crop load levels were adjusted before flowering, leaving 75, 113, and 150 fruits per tree. Principal component analysis (PCA) scatter plot of the metabolic response of phytohormones and sugars indicated that the effect of the semi-dwarfing M.26 rootstock was significantly different from that of the dwarfing M.9 and P 67, as well as the super-dwarfing P 22 rootstocks in both varieties. The most intensive crop load (150 fruits per tree) produced a significantly different response compared to less intensive crop loads (113 and 75) in both varieties. In contrast to soluble sugar accumulation, increased crop load resulted in an increased accumulation of phytohormones, except for ABA. Dwarfing rootstocks M.9, B.396, and P 67, as well as super-dwarf P 22 produced an altered accumulation of promoter phytohormones, while the more vigorous semi-dwarfing M.26 rootstock induced a higher content of glucose and inhibitory phytohormones, by increasing content of IAA, ABA, and GAs. The most significant decrease in return bloom resulted from the highest crop load in “Auksis” grafted on M.9 and P 22 rootstocks. Average difference in flower number between crop loads of 75 and 150 fruits per tree in “Ligol” was 68%, while this difference reached ~ 90% for P 22, and ~ 75% for M.9 and M.26 rootstocks. Return bloom was dependent on the previous year’s crop load, cultivar, and rootstock.
Forfattere
Anita SønstebySammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Anita SønstebySammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Sammendrag
Cereal grain contaminated by Fusarium mycotoxins is undesirable in food and feed because of the harmful health effects of the mycotoxins in humans and animals. Reduction of mycotoxin content in grain by cleaning and size sorting has mainly been studied in wheat. We investigated whether the removal of small kernels by size sorting could be a method to reduce the content of mycotoxins in oat grain. Samples from 24 Norwegian mycotoxin-contaminated grain lots (14 from 2015 and 10 from 2018) were sorted by a laboratory sieve (sieve size 2.2 mm) into large and small kernel fractions and, in addition to unsorted grain samples, analyzed with LC-MS-MS for quantification of 10 mycotoxins. By removing the small kernel fraction (on average 15% and 21% of the weight of the samples from the two years, respectively), the mean concentrations of HT-2+T-2 toxins were reduced by 56% (from 745 to 328 µg/kg) in the 2015 samples and by 32% (from 178 to 121 µg/kg) in the 2018 samples. Deoxynivalenol (DON) was reduced by 24% (from 191 to 145 µg/kg) in the 2018 samples, and enniatin B (EnnB) by 44% (from 1059 to 594 µg/kg) in the 2015 samples. Despite low levels, our analyses showed a trend towards reduced content of DON, ADON, NIV, EnnA, EnnA1, EnnB1 and BEA after removing the small kernel fraction in samples from 2015. For several of the mycotoxins, the concentrations were considerably higher in the small kernel fraction compared to unsorted grain. Our results demonstrate that the level of mycotoxins in unprocessed oat grain can be reduced by removing small kernels. We assume that our study is the first report on the effect of size sorting on the content of enniatins (Enns), NIV and BEA in oat grains.
Sammendrag
Kantsoner langs vassdrag har flere ulike funksjoner; i dette prosjektet er to funksjoner undersøkt (renseeffekt på næringsstoffavrenning fra jordbruksområder, og evne til å motstå kanterosjon), i tre typer vegetasjon: gras/ugras; kombinasjonen gras/bærbusker og trær. En kombinasjon av feltforsøk og modellering er benyttet. Kantsoner med trær hadde best infiltrasjonsevne. Bærbuskene var nyplantede med dårlig utviklet rotsystem, noe som sannsynligvis påvirket infiltrasjonsevnen negativt. Renseeffekten i kantsoner med gras og busker/ gras var omtrent den samme. Renseevnen avtok noe med økt nedbør/avrenning. Det var ingen overflateavrenning fra kantsoner med skog. Forutsatt at jord og næringsstoffer ikke fant veien til bekk/elv gjennom sprekksystemer i jorda, var renseeffekter i areal med trær svært god. Det er imidlertid behov for ytterligere studier om hva som skjer med vann og næringsstoffer i selve jordprofilet (subsurface). Modellresultatene viser at kantsoner med trær hadde best evne til å redusere kanterosjon/øke skråningsstabilitet...
Forfattere
Veronika Maurer Spiridoula Athanasiadou Catherine Experton Florian Leiber Håvard Steinshamn Lucius TammSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
A Schmitt I Pertot V Verrastro Jakob Magid B Moeskops K Möller Spiridoula Athanasiadou C Experton Håvard Steinshamn F Leiber Veronika Maurer EK Bunemann J Herforth-Rahme Lucius TammSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Ingmar R. Staude Donald M. Waller Markus Bernhardt-Römermann Anne D. Bjorkman Jörg Brunet Pieter De Frenne Radim Hédl Ute Jandt Jonathan Lenoir František Máliš Kris Verheyen Monika Wulf Henrique M. Pereira Pieter Vangansbeke Adrienne Ortmann-Ajkai Remigiusz Pielech Imre Berki Markéta Chudomelová Guillaume Decocq Thomas Dirnböck Tomasz Durak Thilo Heinken Bogdan Jaroszewicz Martin Kopecký Martin Macek Marek Malicki Tobias Naaf Thomas A. Nagel Petr Petřík Kamila Reczyńska Fride Høistad Schei Wolfgang Schmidt Tibor Standovár Krzysztof Świerkosz Balázs Teleki Hans Van Calster Ondřej Vild Lander BaetenSammendrag
Biodiversity time series reveal global losses and accelerated redistributions of species, but no net loss in local species richness. To better understand how these patterns are linked, we quantify how individual species trajectories scale up to diversity changes using data from 68 vegetation resurvey studies of seminatural forests in Europe. Herb-layer species with small geographic ranges are being replaced by more widely distributed species, and our results suggest that this is due less to species abundances than to species nitrogen niches. Nitrogen deposition accelerates the extinctions of small-ranged, nitrogen-efficient plants and colonization by broadly distributed, nitrogen-demanding plants (including non-natives). Despite no net change in species richness at the spatial scale of a study site, the losses of small-ranged species reduce biome-scale (gamma) diversity. These results provide one mechanism to explain the directional replacement of small-ranged species within sites and thus explain patterns of biodiversity change across spatial scales.