Publikasjoner
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2018
Forfattere
Hilde Margrethe HelgesenSammendrag
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Sammendrag
Bark beetles and their symbiotic bluestain fungi kill more trees than all other natural factors and cause great economic losses in Norway spruce and other conifers. The tree's natural defenses are the most important factor maintaining bark beetle-fungus complexes at low, endemic levels. Spraying Norway spruce trees with the plant hormone methyl jasmonate (MeJA) primes tree defenses without eliciting notable induced defenses, but enables the trees to respond much more quickly and strongly when challenged by bark beetles or fungi several weeks after treatment. This phenomenon, known as defense priming, is a form of acquired resistance that enables cost-effective and vigorous defense responses. In field experiments with 50-year-old clonal spruce trees terpene concentrations in the bark increased 60-fold within 24 h after mechanical wounding of MeJA primed trees, compared with a 13-fold increase in unprimed control trees. We also observed altered transcriptional patterns in primed trees using Illumina deep transcriptome sequencing. When wounded, primed trees launched vigorous induced defenses with significant differential regulation of gene transcripts, such as those involved in phenylpropanoid synthesis leading to lignification. Resistance-like genes, such as the NB-LRR coding genes, are also more rapidly induced in primed than in unprimed trees. Transcriptome results from primed but unwounded trees indicate an alteration in the state of the chromatin, resembling changes associated with the activity of the epigenetic machinery creating long-lasting epigenetic marks. We do not know yet how long the primed state is activated in Norway spruce, but our data so far indicate that it may last for at least 3 years.
Sammendrag
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Forfattere
Stein Turtumøygard Trine Frisli FjøsneSammendrag
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Sammendrag
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Sammendrag
submittedVersion
Forfattere
Anders Arvesen Francesco Cherubini Gonzalo del Alamo Serrano Rasmus Astrup Michael Becidan Helmer Belbo Franziska Goile Tuva Grytli Geoffrey Guest Carine Lausselet Per Kr. Rørstad Line Rydså Morten Seljeskog Øyvind Skreiberg Veena Sajith Vezhapparambu Anders Hammer StrømmanSammendrag
© The Author(s) 2018. Open Access. This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Sammendrag
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Sammendrag
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Forfattere
Chunjing Qiu Dan Zhu Philippe Ciais Bertrand Guenet Gerhard Krinner Shushi Peng Mika Aurela Christian Bernhofer Christian Brümmer Syndonia Bret-Harte Housen Chu Jiquan Chen Ankur R. Desai Jiří Dušek Eugénie S. Euskirchen Krzysztof Fortuniak Lawrence B. Flanagan Thomas Friborg Mateusz Grygoruk Sébastien Gogo Thomas Grünwald Birger U. Hansen David Holl Elyn Humphreys Miriam Hurkuck Gerard Kiely Janina Klatt Lars Kutzbach Chloé Largeron Fatima Laggoun-Défarge Magnus Lund Peter M. Lafleur Xuefei Li Ivan Mammarella Lutz Merbold Mats B. Nilsson Janusz Olejnik Mikaell Ottosson-Löfvenius Walter C. Oechel Frans-Jan W. Parmentier Matthias Peichl Norbert Pirk Olli Peltola Włodzimierz Pawlak Daniel Rasse Janne Rinne Gaius R. Shaver Hans Peter Schmid Matteo Sottocornola Rainer Steinbrecher Torsten Sachs Marek Urbaniak Donatella Zona Klaudia ZiemblinskaSammendrag
Source at <a href=https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-11-497-2018> https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-11-497-2018</a>.