Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2023
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Alice Budai Daniel Rasse Teresa Gómez de la Bárcena Hugh Riley Vegard Martinsen Ievina Sturite Adam Thomas O'Toole Samson Øpstad Thomas CottisSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Sammendrag
Wood modification using polyesterification of sorbitol and citric acid is a novel environmentally friendly strategy for wood protection improving its dimensional stability and acts against fungal deterioration. Inelastic Raman scattering is sensitive to the molecules of high polarizability and both lignocellulose and aliphatic esters formed during the treatment are polar. Therefore, in the present study, the quality control of the treatment using a handheld Raman spectrometer equipped with 830 nm laser is suggested as a rapid and reliable approach. Raman spectra from six wood modification levels (resulting in different weight percent gain, WPG) of three different wood species (Silver birch, Scots pine and Norway spruce) as well as three sample preparation strategies (intact, sanded and milled wood samples) were collected, and further analyzed using a chemometric method. Best performing models based on Powered Partial Least Squares Regression predicted the WPG level at R2 = 0.85, 0.95 and 0.98 for birch, pine and spruce, respectively. In addition, a clear separation between hard and soft wood species was also captured. Especially for softwood species, the sample preparation method affected the model accuracy, revealing the best performance in milled material. It is concluded that by using handheld Raman spectrometer it is possible to perform accurate quality control of wood modified by polyesterification of citric acid and sorbitol.
Sammendrag
The aim of this study was to contribute to development of organic fertiliser products based on fish sludge (i.e. feed residues and faeces) from farmed smolt. Four dried fish sludge products, one liquid digestate after anaerobic digestion and one dried digestate were collected at Norwegian smolt hatcheries in 2019 and 2020. Their quality as fertilisers was studied by chemical analyses, two 2-year field experiments with spring cereals and soil incubation combined with a first-order kinetics N release model. Cadmium (Cd) and zinc (Zn) concentrations were below European Union maximum limits for organic fertilisers in all products except one (liquid digestate). Relevant organic pollutants (PCB7, PBDE7, PCDD/F + DL-PCB) were analysed for the first time and detected in all fish sludge products. Nutrient composition was unbalanced, with low nitrogen/phosphorus (N/P) ratio and low potassium (K) content relative to crop requirements. Nitrogen concentration in the dried fish sludge products varied (27–70 g N kg-1 dry matter), even when treated by the same technology but sampled at different locations and/or times. In the dried fish sludge products, N was mainly present as recalcitrant organic N, resulting in lower grain yield than with mineral N fertiliser. Digestate showed equally good N fertilisation effect as mineral N fertiliser, but drying reduced N quality. Soil incubation in combination with modelling is a relatively cheap tool that can give a good indication of N quality in fish sludge products with unknown fertilisation effects. Carbon/N ratio in dried fish sludge can also be used as an indicator of N quality.
Forfattere
Trond Mæhlum Bente Føreid Maria Dietrich Melesse Eshetu_Moges Trine Hvoslef-Eide Ola Lødøen Vethe Petter D. JenssenSammendrag
This report (D2.5) presents a qualitative and quantitative assessment for nutrients and energy regarding circular fertilizers and biogas production from waste resources. A transformation towards sustainable food production for the growing urban population requires improved circular urban nutrient management. Urban agriculture (UA), like any agricultural system, needs input of resources in terms of growth media, nutrients, and water. Resources that are often imported into cities, especially in the form of food, generate urban waste. Current environmental, social, and economic challenges of cities are seen as opportunities that can be derived locally, as this project demonstrates. The domestic organic waste and wastewater contains energy (thermal and chemical) and nutrients that could play a role in the urban circular economy if proper technology and management are applied. Urban organic waste contains relevant nutrients including nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P), as well as organic matter, yet less than 5% of the global urban resources are presently recycled. One recycling approach is the composting of urban organic wastes, recovery of nutrients from source-separated urine and anaerobic digestate of blackwater, and biogas and biochar produced as sources of energy. At the NMBU showcase different technologies were assessed to demonstrate how to achieve sustainable and circular urban farming systems. Qualitative and quantitative information about organic fertilizers, making budgets for the nutrient contents of waste resources and organic fertilizer and comparing this with the nutrient needs of the plants in the relevant cultivation area, as shown in this report, can provide better fertilization and less loss to the environment. We need more information on the fertilizer value of waste resources and how these nutrients can be best utilised. Due to the increased interest, more information about health and environmental challenges by implementing circular UA should be obtained
Forfattere
Gabriela WagnerSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Ruchiru D. Herath Uttam Pawar Dushyantha M. Aththanayake Kushan D. Siriwardhana Dimantha I. Jayaneththi Chatura Palliyaguru Miyuru Gunathilake Upaka RathnayakeSammendrag
Climate change, urbanization, and many anthropogenic activities have intensified the floods in today’s world. However, poor attention was given to mitigation strategies for floods in the developing world due to funding and technical limitations. Developing flood inundation maps from historical flood records would be an important task in mitigating any future flood damages. Therefore, this study presents the predictive capability of the Rainfall-Runoff-Inundation (RRI) model, a 2D coupled hydrology-inundation model, and to build flood inundation maps utilizing available ground observation and satellite remote sensing data for Kalu River, Sri Lanka. Despite the lack of studies in predicting flood levels, Kalu River is an annually flooded river basin in Sri Lanka. The comparative results between ground-based rainfall (GBR) measurement and satellite rainfall products (SRPs) from the IMERG satellite have shown that SRPs underestimate peak discharges compared to GBR data. The accuracy and the reliability of the model were assessed using ground-measured discharges with a high coefficient of determination (R2 = 0.89) and Nash–Sutcliffe model efficiency coefficient (NSE = 0.86). Therefore, the developed RRI model can successfully be used to simulate the inundation of flood events in the KRB. The findings can directly be applied to the stakeholders.
Forfattere
Menno de Jong Aidin Niamir Magnus Wolf Andrew C. Kitchener Nicolas Lecomte Ivan V. Seryodkin Steven R. Fain Snorre Hagen Urmas Saarma Axel JankeSammendrag
Population-genomic studies can shed new light on the effect of past demographic processes on contemporary population structure. We reassessed phylogeographical patterns of a classic model species of postglacial recolonisation, the brown bear (Ursus arctos), using a range-wide resequencing dataset of 128 nuclear genomes. In sharp contrast to the erratic geographical distribution of mtDNA and Y-chromosomal haplotypes, autosomal and X-chromosomal multi-locus datasets indicate that brown bear population structure is largely explained by recent population connectivity. Multispecies coalescent based analyses reveal cases where mtDNA haplotype sharing between distant populations, such as between Iberian and southern Scandinavian bears, likely results from incomplete lineage sorting, not from ancestral population structure (i.e., postglacial recolonisation). However, we also argue, using forward-in-time simulations, that gene flow and recombination can rapidly erase genomic evidence of former population structure (such as an ancestral population in Beringia), while this signal is retained by Y-chromosomal and mtDNA, albeit likely distorted. We further suggest that if gene flow is male-mediated, the information loss proceeds faster in autosomes than in X chromosomes. Our findings emphasise that contemporary autosomal genetic structure may reflect recent population dynamics rather than postglacial recolonisation routes, which could contribute to mtDNA and Y-chromosomal discordances.
Forfattere
Xiaoyan Ma Junhua Bao Jinwei Li Xi Cheng Muhammad Mobeen Tahir Meizi Liu Xian Lu Min-Rui Wang Zhibo Hamborg Dong ZhangSammendrag
Apple stem grooving virus (ASGV) is one of the most widespread and asymptomatic main viruses, that restricts the production of apples worldwide. Establishment of rapid, simple, and effective early detection methods of apple virus is important. In this study, we established and optimized a one-step reverse transcription - recombinase polymerase amplification (RT-RPA) method, using the target-specific primers of ASGV coat protein gene sequence, and M-MLV reverse transcriptase. This method could be completed within 30 min at 40 °C, followed by a visual detection of the results within 5 min by using lateral flow dipstick (LFD). The specificity results showed that only samples infected with ASGV showed a test line, while no test line appeared in the ASGV-negative samples. In addition, when crude extract of leaves was used, the whole detection could be completed within 1 h, which was shortened by 4 to 6 times compared with the RT-PCR method. The detection made on more field samples showed that the RT-RPA-LFD method is of high stability and reliability for ASGV diagnosis, with a great potential in the rapid on-site detection of plant viruses.
Forfattere
Gerd Guren Kari Aarekol Astrid Gissinger Hilde Marie Saastad Lars-Arne Høgetveit Torgeir Tajet Kjetil Mostue Bysveen Kari Rizan Amin Erkki-Einar Søberg Tonje Aspeslåen Mirjam Halvorsrud Thomas Holz Kåre Oskar Larsen Therese With BergeSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag